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Case Reports
. 2019 Oct 1;117(5):e497-e501.
doi: 10.5546/aap.2019.e497.

[Distant bacillus Calmette-Guérin disease in an infant. Case report]

[Article in Spanish]
María V Peruffo  1 , Silvia A Maffia  2 , Gabriela Nainsztein  2 , Celeste Samaruga  2 , Verónica Salvaneschi  2 , Diana Cabanillas  3
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Free article
Case Reports

[Distant bacillus Calmette-Guérin disease in an infant. Case report]

[Article in Spanish]
María V Peruffo et al. Arch Argent Pediatr. .
Free article

Abstract
in English, Spanish

The bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine is an attenuated vaccine historically used to prevent severe forms of tuberculosis. It is applied to all newborns in countries with high prevalence of tuberculosis. Local complications, such as suppuration or regional adenopathies, may occur after application. Disease due to the spread of the bacillus is infrequent, usually occurring in a patient with an underlying immune alteration. We present the case of a 5-month-old child who was admitted due to a 2-month evolution with weight loss and subcutaneous nodules. Disease was suspected to be due to bacillus Calmette- Guérin dissemination, being diagnosed by biopsy of the lesions. Treatment was carried out with three antituberculous drugs, evolving towards clinical recovery. Although immunological studies were carried out, no immunodeficiency could be demonstrated as a predisposing condition.

La vacuna con el bacilo de Calmette-Guérin es una vacuna atenuada utilizada para prevenir formas graves de tuberculosis. Se aplica a los recién nacidos en países con alta prevalencia de tuberculosis. Pueden presentarse, después de su aplicación, complicaciones a nivel local, como supuración o adenopatías regionales. La enfermedad por diseminación del bacilo es infrecuente y ocurre, por lo general, en pacientes con alteraciones inmunitarias subyacentes. Se presenta el caso de un niño de 5 meses que ingresó por un cuadro de 2 meses de evolución con detención del aumento de peso y nódulos subcutáneos. Se sospechó enfermedad por diseminación del bacilo y se diagnosticó por la biopsia de las lesiones. Se realizó el tratamiento con tres drogas antituberculosas, y se recuperó clínicamente. Si bien se realizaron estudios inmunológicos, no logró demostrarse ninguna inmunodeficiencia como afección predisponente.

Keywords: BCG; bacillus Calmette-Guérin disease; congenital immunodeficiency; disseminated BCG.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

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