Approach to Acute Kidney Injuries in the Emergency Department

Abstract

This article is an evidence-based overview of acute kidney injuries in patients seen in the emergency department setting. The article outlines the current definition of acute kidney injuries and most common causes of injuries. Furthermore, it details clinical evaluations important to appreciate and intervene on, such as volume overload, hypertension, life-threatening electrolyte derangements, and threshold for urgent dialysis. Finally, the article describes special populations that are at higher risk for acute kidney injuries and acute conditions, such as rhabdomyolysis, and the controversy of contrast-induced acute kidney injuries in patients seen in the emergency department.

Keywords: Acute kidney injury; Clinical management; Emergency department; Renal emergency.