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Review
. 2019 Sep 28;17(10):556.
doi: 10.3390/md17100556.

Current Research on the Bioprospection of Linear Diterpenes from Bifurcaria bifurcata: From Extraction Methodologies to Possible Applications

Adriana C S Pais  1 , Jorge A Saraiva  2 , Sílvia M Rocha  3 , Armando J D Silvestre  1 , Sónia A O Santos  4
Affiliations
Review

Current Research on the Bioprospection of Linear Diterpenes from Bifurcaria bifurcata: From Extraction Methodologies to Possible Applications

Adriana C S Pais et al. Mar Drugs. .

Abstract

Marine resources are considered as a very promising source of bioactive molecules, and macroalgae in particular have gained special attention, due to their structurally diverse composition. Particular interest has been devoted to the brown macroalga Bifurcaria bifurcata, due to their abundance in bioactive linear diterpenes. In this appraisal, a thorough review concerning the methodologies used in the extraction, fractionation, and identification of diterpenes from B. bifurcata is provided and discussed in detail. An exhaustive compilation of the mass spectra and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data are also provided. The in vitro and in chemico assays already performed to assess different biological activities attributed to B. bifurcata diterpenes are also reviewed, emphasizing the use of isolated components, enriched fractions, or crude extracts. The associated major strengths and challenges for the exploitation of B. bifurcata diterpenes for high-value applications are critically discussed.

Keywords: Bifurcaria bifurcata; biological activities; extraction; high value applications; identification; linear diterpenes; macroalgae.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution, in percentage, of the studies on B. bifurcata linear diterpenes and/or on related biological activities, according to the sampling location. The percentages presented in this graphic were determined considering the number of samples of each geographical location in all published studies here reviewed. (Analyzing Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Knowledge, keywords: Bifurcaria bifurcata, diterpenes; timespan: 1980–2019).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chemical structures of acyclic diterpenes identified in B. bifurcata, belonging to family A.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chemical structures of acyclic diterpenes identified in B. bifurcata, belonging to family B1.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Chemical structures of acyclic diterpenes identified in B. bifurcata, belonging to subfamily B2.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Chemical structures of acyclic diterpenes identified in B. bifurcata, belonging to family C.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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