Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
• ² Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD; Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD.
• ³ Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC.
• ⁴ Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
• ⁵ Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Herzzentrum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
• ⁶ Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, UKGM University Hospital Gießen, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Gießen, Germany.
• ⁷ Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
• ⁸ Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
• ⁹ Department of Anesthesiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ¹⁰ Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine and Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
• ¹¹ Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC; Department of Critical Care, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.
• ¹² Division of Cardiac Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
• ¹³ Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
• ¹⁴ Département d'Anesthésiologie et de Médecine de la Douleur, Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec Canada; Division des Soins Intensifs, Département de Chirurgie Cardiaque, Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec Canada; Département de Pharmacologie et de Physiologie, Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec Canada.
• ¹⁵ Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
• ¹⁶ Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia and Critical Care, St. Georges University Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Cleveland Clinic London, London, United Kingdom.