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. 2019 Dec;11(4):364-373.
doi: 10.1007/s12560-019-09399-9. Epub 2019 Sep 30.

Field Performance of Two Methods for Detection of Poliovirus in Wastewater Samples, Mexico 2016-2017

Concepción F Estívariz  1 , Elda E Pérez-Sánchez  2 , Anita Bahena  3 , Cara C Burns  4 , Howard E Gary Jr  5 , Herlinda García-Lozano  2 , Gloria Rey-Benito  6 , Silvia Peñaranda  4 , Katy V Castillo-Montufar  3 , Raúl S Nava-Acosta  3 , John Scott Meschke  7 , M Steven Oberste  4 , Irma Lopez-Martínez  2 , José A Díaz-Quiñonez  2   8
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Field Performance of Two Methods for Detection of Poliovirus in Wastewater Samples, Mexico 2016-2017

Concepción F Estívariz et al. Food Environ Virol. 2019 Dec.

Abstract

To enhance our ability to monitor poliovirus circulation and certify eradication, we evaluated the performance of the bag-mediated filtration system (BMFS) against the two-phase separation (TPS) method for concentrating wastewater samples for poliovirus detection. Sequential samples were collected at two sites in Mexico; one L was collected by grab and ~ 5 L were collected and filtered in situ with the BMFS. In the laboratory, 500 mL collected by grab were concentrated using TPS and the sample contained in the filter of the BMFS was eluted without secondary concentration. Concentrates were tested for the presence of poliovirus and non-poliovirus enterovirus (NPEV) using Global Poliovirus Laboratory Network standard procedures. Between February 16, 2016, and April 18, 2017, 125 pairs of samples were obtained. Collectors spent an average (± standard deviation) of 4.3 ± 2.2 min collecting the TPS sample versus 73.5 ± 30.5 min collecting and filtering the BMFS sample. Laboratory processing required an estimated 5 h for concentration by TPS and 3.5 h for elution. Sabin 1 poliovirus was detected in 37 [30%] samples with the TPS versus 24 [19%] samples with the BMFS (McNemar's mid p value = 0.004). Sabin 3 poliovirus was detected in 59 [47%] versus 49 (39%) samples (p = 0.043), and NPEV was detected in 67 [54%] versus 40 [32%] samples (p < 0.001). The BMFS method without secondary concentration did not perform as well as the TPS method for detecting Sabin poliovirus and NPEV. Further studies are needed to guide the selection of cost-effective environmental surveillance methods for the polio endgame.

Keywords: BMFS; Environmental surveillance; Poliovirus; Poliovirus transmission; Two-phase concentration; Wastewater.

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Conflict of interest statement

Compliance with Ethical Standards

Conflicts of interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Sabin polioviruses and non-polio enteroviruses isolated from environmental samples collected during February 2016 to April 2017 in two sites in Mexico. Poliovirus and non-polio enterovirus could be isolated alone (presented in figure) or in mixtures (only Sabin content shown). Sample collection was conducted before and after two National immunization campaigns providing either tOPV (2016) or bOPV (2017). SL1 Sabin 1, SL2 Sabin 2, SL3 Sabin 3, NPEV non-polio enterovirus
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