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. 2019 Aug 10;7(9):2907-2920.
doi: 10.1002/fsn3.1142. eCollection 2019 Sep.

Chemical characterization and antioxidant properties of products and by-products from Olea europaea L

Gabriella Tamasi  1   2 , Maria Camilla Baratto  1 , Claudia Bonechi  1   2 , Anastasiya Byelyakova  1 , Alessio Pardini  1   2 , Alessandro Donati  1   2 , Gemma Leone  1   3 , Marco Consumi  1   3 , Stefania Lamponi  1   3 , Agnese Magnani  1   3 , Claudio Rossi  1   2   4
Affiliations

Chemical characterization and antioxidant properties of products and by-products from Olea europaea L

Gabriella Tamasi et al. Food Sci Nutr. .

Abstract

The products and by-products of Olea europaea L.: olive fruits (primary agricultural product), oils (primary agro-industrial product), pomaces (agro-industrial processing by-product), and leaves (agricultural practices by-product), are promising sources of bioactive compounds. In the present study, qualitative and quantitative analyses of selected bioactive components in olive fruits, oils, and pomaces were performed. Total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity were analyzed in all samples (humid pomaces 2015: TPP, 26.0 ± 1.5-43.7 ± 3.0 g(GAEq)/kg DW; TEAC/ABTS, 189.5 ± 3.7-388.1 ± 12.0 mmol(Trx)kg DW). Radical (DPPH) quenching potential was analyzed via photometric and EPR methods, obtaining Vis/EPR signal ratio by 1.05 ± 0.45 and 1.66 ± 0.39 for fruits and pomaces, respectively. Through HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS/MS techniques, oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, as well as selected hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids, were identified and quantified in olive fruits and pomaces. The main components were rutin, luteolin, and chlorogenic acid. Cytotoxic assay on fibroblast cells revealed toxic effects for selected extracts at highest tested concentrations (5%).

Keywords: Antioxidant; Olea europaea L.; by‐products; pomace.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Linear correlation between antioxidant parameters and selected antioxidant components (hydroxytyrosol and luteolin). Analysis of significance showed p < .001 (95% confidence interval) for all data sets
Figure 2
Figure 2
Principal component analysis (PCA) for (a) olive sample and (b) pomace sample data
Figure 3
Figure 3
Fibroblast NIH3T3 viability (24 hr) after treatment by hydroalcoholic (EtOH/H2O, 80/20%, v/v) extracts of (a) samples 2014 (0.5, 1.0, and 5.0%, v/v), and rutin and quercetin standard solutions (0.001–0.1 μM), and (b) pomaces 2015 (0.5, 1.0 and 5.0%, v/v). The values are reported as average ± esd (six replicates)
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