Anomalous "Middle" Meningeal Artery from Basilar Artery and Implications for Neuroendovascular Surgery: Case Report and Review of Literature

Abstract

Background: The middle meningeal artery (MMA) is an important conduit for the endovascular treatment of skull base and intracranial pathologies including, recently, subdural hematomas. A key aspect of such procedures is to perform a thorough diagnostic angiogram to detect anomalous arterial origins and "dangerous" anastomoses with branches of the internal carotid arteries. Although the most common anomaly related to the MMA is an abnormal origin from the ophthalmic artery, anomalous origin from the posterior circulation is rare. Moreover, its recognition requires a concerted effort at performing a vertebral artery angiogram irrespective of the location of the pathology (e.g., in subdural hematoma).

Case description: We describe a case of anomalous origin of MMA from the basilar artery as a lateral pontine artery branch that was detected in a patient with recurrent subdural hematoma who presented for endovascular MMA embolization.

Conclusions: The embryologic origin of the entity is briefly discussed, along with suggestions for managing such an anomaly during endovascular embolization.

Keywords: Anomalous origin; Embolization; Embryology of meningeal arteries; Endovascular; Middle meningeal artery; Subdural hematoma.