Comprehensive comparison of social cognitive performance in autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia
- PMID: 31576783
- DOI: 10.1017/S0033291719002708
Comprehensive comparison of social cognitive performance in autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia
Abstract
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) are separate neurodevelopmental disorders that are both characterized by difficulties in social cognition and social functioning. Due to methodological confounds, the degree of similarity in social cognitive impairments across these two disorders is currently unknown. This study therefore conducted a comprehensive comparison of social cognitive ability in ASD and SCZ to aid efforts to develop optimized treatment programs.
Methods: In total, 101 individuals with ASD, 92 individuals with SCZ or schizoaffective disorder, and 101 typically developing (TD) controls, all with measured intelligence in the normal range and a mean age of 25.47 years, completed a large battery of psychometrically validated social cognitive assessments spanning the domains of emotion recognition, social perception, mental state attribution, and attributional style.
Results: Both ASD and SCZ performed worse than TD controls, and very few differences were evident between the two clinical groups, with effect sizes (Cohen's d) ranging from 0.01 to 0.34. For those effects that did reach statistical significance, such as greater hostility in the SCZ group, controlling for symptom severity rendered them non-significant, suggesting that clinical distinctions may underlie these social cognitive differences. Additionally, the strength of the relationship between neurocognitive and social cognitive performance was of similar, moderate size for ASD and SCZ.
Conclusions: Findings largely suggest comparable levels of social cognitive impairment in ASD and SCZ, which may support the use of existing social cognitive interventions across disorders. However, future work is needed to determine whether the mechanisms underlying these shared impairments are also similar or if these common behavioral profiles may emerge via different pathways.
Keywords: Attributions; emotion recognition; mentalizing; neurocognition; social perception; theory of mind.
Comment in
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How is quantification of social deficits useful for studying autism and schizophrenia?Psychol Med. 2020 Feb;50(3):523-525. doi: 10.1017/S0033291719003180. Epub 2019 Nov 22. Psychol Med. 2020. PMID: 31753058 No abstract available.
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The benefit of directly comparing autism and schizophrenia, revisited.Psychol Med. 2020 Feb;50(3):526-528. doi: 10.1017/S0033291719003635. Epub 2019 Dec 20. Psychol Med. 2020. PMID: 31858930 No abstract available.
