[Intestinal microbiota and allogeneic stem cell transplantation]

Abstract

Allogeneic hematopoïetic stem cell transplantation is one of the most efficient curative treatment for acute leukemia. But it is also a heavy process with an important risk of complications, particularly infection and graft versus host disease. Increasing data in literature show that an alteration of the intestinal microbiota of allogeneic stem cell recipients is associated with these complications. Indeed, treatments used during conditioning regimen lead to an impaired microbiota, which cannot fulfill its protective functions anymore. To limit this microbiota impairment, we could restore a healthy microbiota by a fecal microbiota transplantation, which has already shown its efficiency in the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection. The aim of this review is to describe the intestinal microbiota, the link between microbiota and complications of allogeneic stem cells transplantation, and the recent published data on fecal microbiota transplantation in this field.

Keywords: Allogeneic hematopoïetic stem cell transplantation; Allogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques; Fecal microbiota transplantation; Graft-versus host disease; Intestinal microbiota; Microbiote intestinal; Réaction du greffon contre l’hôte; Transplantation de microbiote fécal.