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Review
. 2019 Sep 9:2019:6196532.
doi: 10.1155/2019/6196532. eCollection 2019.

Immunological Impacts of Diabetes on the Susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Birhanu Ayelign  1 , Markos Negash  1 , Meaza Genetu  1 , Tadelo Wondmagegn  1 , Tewodros Shibabaw  2
Affiliations
Review

Immunological Impacts of Diabetes on the Susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Birhanu Ayelign et al. J Immunol Res. .

Abstract

The interaction between diabetes and major world infections like TB is a major public health concern because of rapidly rising levels of diabetes. The dual burden of tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a major global public health problem. Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for the development of active and latent tuberculosis. Immune mechanisms contributing to the increased susceptibility of diabetic patients to TB are due to the defects in bacterial recognition, phagocytic activity, and cellular activation which results in impaired production of chemokines and cytokines. The initiation of adaptive immunity is delayed by impaired antigen-presenting cell (APC) recruitment and function in hyperglycemic host, which results in reduced frequencies of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells and its secretion of cytokines having a great role in activation of macrophage and inflammatory response of tuberculosis. In addition, impaired immune response and killing of intracellular bacteria potentially increase bacterial load, chronic inflammation, and central necrosis that facilitate bacterial dissemination and miliary tuberculosis. Understanding of the immunological and biochemical basis of TB susceptibility in diabetic patients will tell us the rational development of implementation and therapeutic strategies to alleviate the dual burden of the diseases. Therefore, the aim of this review was focused on the association between diabetes and tuberculosis, focusing on epidemiology, pathogenesis, and immune dysfunction in diabetes mellitus, and its association with susceptibility, severity, and treatment outcome failure to tuberculosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interest. Birhanu Ayelign is MSC in Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Science College, University of Gondar, birhanuayelign42@gmail.com. Markos Negash is an assistant professor, MSC in Immunology, and head of the department, College of Medicine and Health Science College, University of Gondar, markosnegash@yahoo.com. Meaza Genetu is MSC in Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Science College, University of Gondar, m.genetu@yahoo.com. Tadelo Wondmagegn is MSC in Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Science College, University of Gondar, tadelo2000@gmail.com. Tewodros Shibabaw is MSC in Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Science College, University of Gondar, shitewodros@gmail.com.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The putative immune mechanisms contributing to the increased susceptibility of diabetic hosts to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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