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. 2019 Oct;38(10):1662-1669.
doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2019.00560.

Keeping Your Guard Up: Hypervigilance Among Urban Residents Affected By Community And Police Violence

Nichole A Smith  1 , Dexter R Voisin  2 , Joyce P Yang  3 , Elizabeth L Tung  4
Affiliations

Keeping Your Guard Up: Hypervigilance Among Urban Residents Affected By Community And Police Violence

Nichole A Smith et al. Health Aff (Millwood). 2019 Oct.

Abstract

Hypervigilance, a state of heightened awareness and watchfulness, is a consequence of violence that has been linked to adverse psychosocial outcomes. Although well documented in veteran populations, it remains poorly quantified in community populations that are exposed to high levels of neighborhood violence. In-person surveys of 504 adults were conducted in Chicago, Illinois, in 2018 to assess the relationships between hypervigilance and exposure to neighborhood violence, including community and police altercations. Exposure to police violence was associated with a 9.8-percentage-point increase in the hypervigilance score (on a 100-point scale)-nearly twice that associated with exposure to community violence (a 5.5-percentage-point increase). Among participants who reported having had a police stop, experiencing the stop as a traumatic event (defined as exposure to actual or threatened death or serious injury) was associated with a 20.0-percentage-point increase in the hypervigilance score. Scoring in the highest quartile of hypervigilance was associated with higher systolic blood pressure (an increase of 8.6 mmHg). Understanding hypervigilance and, importantly, its linkages with violence and health may help inform policing practices and health care responses to violence in urban communities.

Keywords: Health policy; Hypervigilance; Mental disorders; Neighborhood violence; PTSD; Police violence; Post traumatic stress disorder; Violence.

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Figures

Exhibit 2
Exhibit 2. Percent of study participants in Chicago, Illinois, who reported having had voilence exposure, by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and type of voilence exposure, 2018
SOURCE Authors’ analysis of data for 2018 from the Chicago Violence, Neighborhoods, and Health Study. NOTES Exposures to the various types of violence are explained in the text. A traumatic police stop is explained in the notes to exhibit 1. For the race/ethnicity category, we conducted chi-square tests two ways: first with all three racial/ethnic groups in a single test, and then separately to confirm differences between particular groups. HL is Hispanic or Latino **p < 0.05 ***p < 0.01 ****p < 0.001
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