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. 2019 Oct 12;19(1):420.
doi: 10.1186/s12870-019-1981-x.

Genomic changes and biochemical alterations of seed protein and oil content in a subset of fast neutron induced soybean mutants

Nazrul Islam  1 , Robert M Stupar  2 , Song Qijian  1 , Devanand L Luthria  3 , Wesley Garrett  4 , Adrian O Stec  2 , Jeff Roessler  2 , Savithiry S Natarajan  5
Affiliations

Genomic changes and biochemical alterations of seed protein and oil content in a subset of fast neutron induced soybean mutants

Nazrul Islam et al. BMC Plant Biol. .

Abstract

Background: Soybean is subjected to genetic manipulation by breeding, mutation, and transgenic approaches to produce value-added quality traits. Among those genetic approaches, mutagenesis through fast neutrons radiation is intriguing because it yields a variety of mutations, including single/multiple gene deletions and/or duplications. Characterizing the seed composition of the fast neutron mutants and its relationship with gene mutation is useful towards understanding oil and protein traits in soybean.

Results: From a large population of fast neutron mutagenized plants, we selected ten mutants based on a screening of total oil and protein content using near infra-red spectroscopy. These ten mutants were regrown, and the seeds were analyzed for oil by GC-MS, protein profiling by SDS-PAGE and gene mapping by comparative genomic hybridization. The mutant 2R29C14Cladecr233cMN15 (nicknamed in this study as L10) showed higher protein and lower oil content compared to the wild type, followed by three other lines (nicknamed in this study as L03, L05, and L06). We characterized the fatty acid methyl esters profile of the trans-esterified oil and found the presence of five major fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids) at varying proportions among the mutants. Protein profile using SDS-PAGE of the ten mutants did exhibit discernable variation between storage (glycinin and β-conglycinin) and anti-nutritional factor (trypsin inhibitor) proteins. In addition, we physically mapped the position of the gene deletions or duplications in each mutant using comparative genomic hybridization.

Conclusion: Characterization of oil and protein profile in soybean fast neutron mutants will assist scientist and breeders to develop new value-added soybeans with improved protein and oil quality traits.

Keywords: Comparative genomic hybridization; Fatty acids; Gene deletion; Mutants; Oil; Protein; Proteins; Soybeans.

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare no conflict of interest except Dr. Robert Stupar who was formerly as associate editor of this Journal.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
a A typical GC-FID profile of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) of trans-esterified oil and b Fatty acids content of the FN mutants. The bar represents standard error
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Protein profile of ten mutants as separated by SDS-PAGE. WT represents wild type; L01 to L10 represent mutants; B represents different protein bands; kDa represents the molecular weight of the protein band
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Overlapping CGH profiles of the 10 FN lines (colored by genotype) in this study across the 20 soybean chromosomes. The dominant horizontal line running through each chromosome represents a log2 ratio of zero (no difference) between the FN line and the control line (‘M92–220’). Peaks above the line represent likely duplications and peaks below the line represent likely deletions. Peaks in which multiple genotypes exhibit the change are oftentimes natural variants, while peaks exhibited by a single genotype are likely FN-induced
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Mapping of duplicated genes in mutant L10 on the global metabolic pathways
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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