Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis: Female External Genitalia

Excerpt

The female external genitalia include structures associated with both the urinary and reproductive systems, collectively known as the vulva (see Image. Female External Genitalia). This illustration shows the anatomic relationships between the clitoris, vulvar vestibule, external urethral orifice, vaginal orifice, hymen, labia majora, and labia minora. The labia minora have been drawn apart. The term "vulva" originates from the Latin word meaning "covering" or "wrapping." When observed externally, the vulva appears covered or wrapped by folds of skin called the "labia majora" and "labia minora," both of which are integral components of the vulva.

The components of the vulva are the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, urethra, vulva vestibule, vestibular bulbs, Bartholin glands, Skene glands, and vaginal opening. Together, these structures play essential roles in reproduction and urination.

Understanding the vulva's structure and function is essential for diagnosing and treating conditions such as infections, cysts, and vulvar cancers. Precise knowledge of vulvar anatomy is vital for episiotomies, reconstructive surgeries, and trauma management. Additionally, the vulva's role in sexual health, urinary function, and childbirth underscores its importance in medical care and patient education.