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. 2019 Oct 11;12(20):3306.
doi: 10.3390/ma12203306.

Performance and Durability of Porous Asphalt Mixtures Manufactured Exclusively with Electric Steel Slags

Marta Skaf  1 , Emiliano Pasquini  2 , Víctor Revilla-Cuesta  3 , Vanesa Ortega-López  4
Affiliations

Performance and Durability of Porous Asphalt Mixtures Manufactured Exclusively with Electric Steel Slags

Marta Skaf et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

Electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) and ladle furnace slag (LFS) are by-products of the electric steelmaking sector with suitable properties for use in bituminous mixtures as both coarse and fine aggregates, respectively. In this research, the production of a porous asphalt mixture with an aggregate skeleton consisting exclusively of electric steelmaking slags (using neither natural aggregates nor fillers) is explored. The test program examines the asphalt mixtures in terms of their mechanical performance (abrasion loss and indirect tensile strength), durability (cold abrasion loss, aging, and long-term behavior), water sensitivity, skid and rutting resistance, and permeability. The results of the slag-mixes are compared with a standard mix, manufactured with siliceous aggregates and cement as filler. The porous mixes manufactured with the slags provided similar results to the conventional standard mixtures. Some issues were noted in relation to compaction difficulties and the higher void contents of the slag mixtures, which reduced their resistance to raveling. Other features linked to permeability and skid resistance were largely improved, suggesting that these mixtures are especially suitable for permeable pavements in rainy regions. In conclusion, a porous asphalt mixture was produced with 100% slag aggregates that met current standards for long-lasting and environmentally friendly mixtures.

Keywords: electric arc furnace slag; ladle furnace slag; permeable pavement; porous asphalt; steel slag; waste management.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Experimental plan.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) EAFS; (b) LFS; (c) siliceous aggregate. Dimensions in cm.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) EAFS diffractogram; (b) LFS diffractogram.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Particle size gradation of the mixtures.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) Cantabro test; (b) ITS test; (c) thermostatic bath.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(a) Macrotexture; (b) British pendulum; (c) wheel tracking device.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Computed tomography (a) PA-SCC; (b) PA-SLL; (c) PA-ELL.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Mixture durability.
Figure 9
Figure 9
(a) Samples after the durability tests; (b) specimen after the moisture susceptibility test; (c) slab sample after the wheel tracking test.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Moisture susceptibility.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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