Leiomyomatosis Peritonealis Disseminata: A Clinical Analysis of 13 Cases and Literature Review

Abstract

Objective. Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD) is a rare benign disease that is characterized by numerous small muscle nodules disseminated in the abdominal and pelvic cavity. This study analyzed the clinical features, pathologic characteristics, and prognosis of LPD. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 13 patients with pathologically diagnosed LPD in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 2001 to January 2018. Results. Overall, 13 cases were collected. The mean age of the 13 patients was 42.23 years (range = 26-51 years). In all 13 female patients, 11 had a surgical history related to uterine leiomyoma, and only 2 had no history of treatment. Most of them were asymptomatic. Thirteen patients underwent resections of the tumors by laparoscopy or laparotomy. Pathological reports of 13 cases indicated LPD. Twelve cases were followed up, and 1 case was lost to follow-up. The median follow-up time was 65.67 months, and 2 patients showed evidence of recurrence. Conclusions. LPD is a rare disease in women of reproductive age. LPD manifests atypical symptoms, which can be easily misdiagnosed and confirmed by the pathological diagnosis. Surgery is the main treatment. Although LPD is a benign disease, a few patients had a tendency for recurrence or malignancy. Therefore, strict follow-up is needed.

Keywords: endometriosis; immunohistochemistry; laparoscopic myomectomy; leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata; uterine leiomyoma.