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Review
. 2019 Dec 15:865:172747.
doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172747. Epub 2019 Oct 18.

Selected nucleos(t)ide-based prescribed drugs and their multi-target activity

Gabriela Pastuch-Gawołek  1 , Danuta Gillner  1 , Ewelina Król  2 , Krzysztof Walczak  3 , Ilona Wandzik  4
Affiliations
Review

Selected nucleos(t)ide-based prescribed drugs and their multi-target activity

Gabriela Pastuch-Gawołek et al. Eur J Pharmacol. .

Abstract

Nucleos(t)ide analogues play pivotal roles as antiviral, cytotoxic or immunosuppressive agents. Here, we review recent reports of nucleoside analogues that exhibit broad-spectrum activity towards multiple life-threatening RNA and DNA viruses. We also present a discussion about nucleoside antimetabolites-approved antineoplastic agents-that have recently been shown to have antiviral and/or antibacterial activity. The approved drugs and drug combinations, as well as recently identified candidates for investigation and/or experimentation, are discussed. Several examples of repurposed drugs that have already been approved for use are presented. This strategy can be crucial for the first-line treatment of acute infections or coinfections and for the management of drug-resistant strains.

Keywords: Antineoplastic agents; Antiviral therapy; Chain termination; Nucleosides; Nucleotides; Prodrugs.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Structures of nucleos(t)ide-based drugs for the treatment of HBV infections.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Structures of nucleos(t)ide-based and non-nucleoside drugs used in combination with tenofovir and lamivudine for the treatment of HIV infections. Abbreviations: NRTIs - nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, NNRTIs - non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Sofosbuvir alone and in combination with other drugs in the treatment of HCV infections.
Scheme 1
Scheme 1
Mechanism of action of nucleoside-type drugs and prodrugs against herpesviruses. Abbreviations: ACV – acyclovir, BVDU – brivudine, IDU – idoxuridine, FCV – famciclovir, GCV – ganciclovir, PCV - penciclovir, TFT - trifluridine, VACV - valaciclovir, VDR – vidarabine, and VGCV – valganciclovir.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Nucleoside-based marketed drugs against various herpesviruses.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Additional nucleos(t)ide-based antiviral agents against various herpesviruses.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Structures of the nucleoside antimetabolites with potential antiviral activity.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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