Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2020 Apr;34(2):160-172.
doi: 10.1111/fcp.12517. Epub 2019 Nov 12.

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and prostate cancer: study of immune cells and cytokines

Yuqian Liu  1 , Reyaj Mikrani  1 , Dianyou Xie  1 , Junaid Wazir  1 , Sajan Shrestha  1 , Rahat Ullah  1 , Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf Baig  2 , Abrar Ahmed  3 , Prateek Kumar Srivastava  3 , Kedar Bahadur Thapa  4 , Xiaohui Zhou  1   5   6
Affiliations
Review

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and prostate cancer: study of immune cells and cytokines

Yuqian Liu et al. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2020 Apr.

Abstract

Prostate cancer and prostatitis are both significant health concerns. A large number of studies have established that the occurrence of the two is closely related. However, the most common prostatitis, type III chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndromes (CP/CPPS), is reported to not correlate with the occurrence of prostate cancer. Although the etiology of CP/CPPS is unknown, it may be related to the autoimmune mechanism favored by most studies. Manipulating the immune system and targeting tumor microenvironment are promising new methods for the treatment of prostate cancer. Therefore, this review focuses on the immune cells and cytokines of CP/CPPS and prostate cancer from the perspective of biological immunology and immune microenvironment. We discuss T-regulatory (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells dysfunction, the abnormal regulation of T helper 1(Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2) cells, macrophages, and their related cytokines as key activators in CP/CPPS. In addition, we discuss the roles of Treg and Th17 cells, Th1 and Th2 cells, and related cytokines in modulating prostate cancer progression. This review highlights the concept that immune cells and cytokines provide a research strategy for the etiology of CP/CPPS and offer potentially promising targets for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Keywords: Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndromes; T-regulatory cell; Th1 cell; Th17 cell; Th2 cell; macrophage; prostate cancer.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. Quick M.L., Mukherjee S., Rudick C.N., Done J.D., Schaeffer A.J., Thumbikat P. CCL2 and CCL3 are essential mediators of pelvic pain in experimental autoimmune prostatitis. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. (2012) 303 R580-R589.
    1. Torre L.A., Bray F., Siegel R.L., Ferlay J., Lortet-Tieulent J., Jemal A. Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J. Clin. (2015) 65 87-108.
    1. Bray F., Ferlay J., Soerjomataram I., Siegel R.L., Torre L.A., Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J. Clin. (2018) 68 394-424.
    1. De Nunzio C., Kramer G., Marberger M. et al. The controversial relationship between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer: the role of inflammation. Eur. Urol. (2011) 60 106-117.
    1. Sfanos K.S., Yegnasubramanian S., Nelson W.G., De Marzo A.M. The inflammatory microenvironment and microbiome in prostate cancer development. Nat. Rev. Urol. (2018) 15 11-24.

LinkOut - more resources