Amphotericin B
- PMID: 31643471
- Bookshelf ID: NBK548141
Amphotericin B
Excerpt
Amphotericin B is an antifungal agent with a broad spectrum of activity against many fungal species. Amphotericin B commonly causes mild to moderate serum aminotransferase elevations and can cause hyperbilirubinemia, but acute, clinically apparent drug induced liver injury from amphotericin B therapy is exceedingly rare.
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References
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- Zimmerman HJ. Antifungal agents. In, Zimmerman HJ. Hepatotoxicity: the adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals on the liver. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1999, pp. 609-11.(Expert review of hepatotoxicity of antifungal agents published in 1999; “Amphotericin B has rarely been incriminated in hepatic injury”; “The rarity of cases despite widespread use of the drug demonstrates its minimal hepatotoxic threat”).
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- Moseley RH. Antifungal agents. Antibacterial and antifungal agents. In, Kaplowitz N, DeLeve LD, eds. Drug-induced liver disease. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2013, p. 470-3. (Review of hepatotoxicity of antifungal agents mentions that amphotericin B rarely causes clinically apparent liver injury but several case reports have been published).
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- Bennett JE. Antimicrobial agents: antifungal agents. In, Brunton LL, Chabner BA, Knollman BC, eds. Goodman & Gilman’s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011, pp. 1571-92. (Textbook of pharmacology and therapeutics: amphotericin B is insoluble in water and is formulated for iv use by complexing with bile salts or lipids; binds ergosterol in fungal membrane and increases permeability).
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- Carnecchia B, Kurtzke J. Fatal toxic reaction to amphotericin B in cryptococcal meningo-encephalitis. Ann Intern Med 1960; 53: 1027-36. (32 year old man with cryptococcal meningitis and complicated course developed nausea and low grade fever with renal insufficiency and severe phlebitis with each of 4 courses of iv amphotericin [60 to 80 mg/day] developing high fever, large tender liver and pneumonia [bilirubin 1.4 mg/dL, Alk P normal], autopsy showing centrolobular fat, but no inflammation and “some degree of hepatic failure”). - PubMed
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- Miller M. Reversible hepatotoxicity related to amphotericin B. Can Med Assoc J 1984; 131: 1245-7. (51 year old man with acute leukemia developed abnormal ALT [950 U/L], Alk P [150 U/L] and bilirubin [1.6 mg/dL] levels 18 days after starting amphotericin B for pulmonary aspergillosis; asymptomatic and improved on stopping with rapid increase in ALT [100→300 U/L] after 2 day rechallenge). - PMC - PubMed
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