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. 2020 Jan;114(1):47-56.
doi: 10.5935/abc.20190209.

Evaluation of Lipid Profiles of Children and Youth from Basic Health Units in Campinas, SP, Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Laboratory Study

[Article in English, Portuguese]
Érica Ivana Lázaro Gomes  1 , Vanessa Helena de Souza Zago  2 , Eliana Cotta de Faria  1
Affiliations

Evaluation of Lipid Profiles of Children and Youth from Basic Health Units in Campinas, SP, Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Laboratory Study

[Article in English, Portuguese]
Érica Ivana Lázaro Gomes et al. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020 Jan.

Abstract

Background: Among dyslipidemias, hypercholesterolemia is considered the main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in adults. In childhood and adolescence, elevated total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are positively associated with atherosclerosis markers, however, systematic screening for dyslipidemias in these groups is a controversial topic.

Objective: To characterize the frequencies, types and severity of dyslipidemias in children and adolescents attended at the Basic Health Units managed by SUS in Campinas/SP.

Methods: After an agreement with the Municipal Health Department of Campinas, consecutive results of serum lipid profiles (n = 312,650) of individuals of both sexes (n = 62,530) aged between 1 day old and 19 years were obtained, from 2008 to 2015. Age groups and dyslipidemias were classified according to recommendations in the literature. The statistical significance level adopted was the probability value (p) of 0.05 or less.

Results: The observed frequencies of increased TC, triglycerides (TG), LDL-C and non-HDL-C (NHDL-C) were 33%, 40%, 29% and 13% respectively, and of reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) the frequency was 39%. The frequencies, in general, were greater in females and in the southwest and south regions of the city, whose populations are more vulnerable from the socioeconomic point of view; on the other hand, in children and adolescents, the frequencies of TG and HDL-C prevailed, respectively.

Conclusions: The high frequency and regionalization of dyslipidemias in children and adolescents indicate the need for specific actions in the handling and treatment of such diseases by the public health system of Campinas.

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Conflict of interest statement

Potential Conflict of Interest

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Corresponding area to the health districts in the map of the city of Campinas.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Frequencies of isolated and mixed dyslipidemias by age; ID: Isolated dyslipidemias; MD: Mixed dyslipidemias; *Chi-Square test (X2); I vs C vs. A; p <0.05; Post-test for multiple comparisons in contingency tables based on permutations: TC↑: LDL-C↑ - C > A = I; TG↑: NHDL-C↑ - I> C > A; HDL-C↓ A> C> I; HDL-C↓ and TG↑ and HDL-C↓ and LDL-C↑ - C> A> I; ID, LDL-C↑ and TG↑: MD-A <C = I; p <0.05. TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NHDL-C: non high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Frequencies of isolated and mixed dyslipidemias by regions of campinas; ID: Isolated dyslipidemias; MD: Mixed dyslipidemias; *Chi-Square test (X2); E vs NW vs N vs SW vs S; p <0.05; Post-test for multiple comparisons in contingency tables based on permutations: TC↑ = E NW> E; LDL-C↑ = SW > E others, S> E; ID = NW S; LDL-C↑ and TG↑ = - NW> L; HDL-C↓ and TG↑ = SW> NW> N> E; MD = SW > NW, p < 0.05. TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NHDL-C: non high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
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