Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: fabdallah@toh.ca.
• ² Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.