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. 2019 Oct 24;14(10):e0223536.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223536. eCollection 2019.

Sociodemographic changes and trends in the rates of new perinatal HIV diagnoses and transmission in Spain from 1997 to 2015

Santiago Jiménez de Ory  1 , José Tomas Ramos  2 , Claudia Fortuny  3 , María Isabel González-Tomé  4 , Maria José Mellado  5   6 , David Moreno  7   8 , César Gavilán  9   10 , Ana Isabel Menasalvas  11 , Ana Isabel Piqueras  12 , M Antoinette Frick  13   14   15 , Maria Angeles Muñoz-Fernández  16   17 , Maria Luisa Navarro  18 ; CoRISpe Cohort Working Group
Affiliations

Sociodemographic changes and trends in the rates of new perinatal HIV diagnoses and transmission in Spain from 1997 to 2015

Santiago Jiménez de Ory et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: There are not enough nationwide studies on perinatal HIV transmission in connection with a combination of antiretroviral treatments in Spain. Our objectives were to study sociodemographic changes and trends in the rates of HIV diagnoses and perinatal transmission in Spain from 1997 to 2015.

Methods: A retrospective study using data from Spanish Paediatric HIV Network (CoRISpe) and Spanish Minimum Basic Data Set (MDBS) was performed. HIV- diagnosed children between 1997 and 2015 were selected. Sociodemographic, clinical and immunovirological data of HIV-infected children and their mothers were studied in four calendar periods (P1: 1997-2000; P2: 2001-2005; P3: 2006-2010; P4: 2011-2015). Rates of perinatal HIV diagnoses and transmission from 1997 to 2015 were calculated.

Results: A total of 532 HIV-infected children were included in this study. Of these children, 406 were Spanish (76.3%) and 126 immigrants (23.7%). A decrease in the number of HIV diagnoses, 203 (38.2%) children in the first (P1), 149 (28%) in the second (P2), 130 (24.4%) in the third (P3) and 50 (9.4%) in the fourth (P4) calendar periods was studied. The same decrease in the Spanish HIV-infected children (P1, 174 (46.6%), P2, 115 (30.8%), P3, 65 (17.4%) and P4, 19 (5.1%)) was monitored. However, an increase in the number of HIV diagnoses by sexual contact (P1: 0%; P2: 1.3%; P3: 4.6%; P4: 16%) was observed. The rates of new perinatal HIV diagnoses and perinatal transmission in Spanish children decreased from 0.167 to 0.005 per 100,000 inhabitants and 11.4% to 0.4% between 1997 and 2015, respectively.

Conclusions: A decline of perinatal HIV diagnoses and transmission was observed. However, an increase of teen-agers HIV diagnoses with sexual infection was studied. Public awareness campaigns directed to teen-agers are advisable to prevent HIV infection by sexual contact.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Flow-chart for the selection of HIV-infected children diagnosed in Spain from 1997 to 2015.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Rate of new perinatal HIV diagnoses in children born in Spain from 1997 to 2015.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Proportion of childbirths from HIV-infected mothers in respect to total childbirths.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Rate of perinatal HIV transmission from 1997 to 2015.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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