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Review
. 2019 Aug 28:15:38-48.
doi: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.08.005. eCollection 2019 Dec 20.

Immunotherapeutic Challenges for Pediatric Cancers

Brian Hutzen  1 , Mohammed Ghonime  1 , Joel Lee  2 , Elaine R Mardis  1   2   3   4 , Ruoning Wang  1   2   3 , Dean A Lee  1   2   3 , Mitchell S Cairo  5 , Ryan D Roberts  1   2   3 , Timothy P Cripe  1   2   3 , Kevin A Cassady  1   2   3   6
Affiliations
Review

Immunotherapeutic Challenges for Pediatric Cancers

Brian Hutzen et al. Mol Ther Oncolytics. .

Abstract

Solid tumors contain a mixture of malignant cells and non-malignant infiltrating cells that often create a chronic inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironment that restricts immunotherapeutic approaches. Although childhood and adult cancers share some similarities related to microenvironmental changes, pediatric cancers are unique, and adult cancer practices may not be wholly applicable to our pediatric patients. This review highlights the differences in tumorigenesis, viral infection, and immunologic response between children and adults that need to be considered when trying to apply experiences from experimental therapies in adult cancer patients to pediatric cancers.

Keywords: CAR T cells; brain tumor; dendritic cell vaccine; immunosuppression; immunotherapy; metabolic antagonism; natural killer cells; neo-antigen; oncolytic virotherapy; sarcoma.

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