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. 2019 Oct 10;4(17):17177-17185.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01626. eCollection 2019 Oct 22.

Enhanced Activation of Persulfate by Meso-CoFe2O4/SiO2 with Ultrasonic Treatment for Degradation of Chlorpyrifos

Huanling Xie  1 , Wenguo Xu  2
Affiliations

Enhanced Activation of Persulfate by Meso-CoFe2O4/SiO2 with Ultrasonic Treatment for Degradation of Chlorpyrifos

Huanling Xie et al. ACS Omega. .

Abstract

Magnetic mesoporous CoFe2O4/SiO2 (Meso-CoFe2O4/SiO2) composites were simply synthesized. On the basis of previous studies, optimum preparation conditions of their structure and physical properties can be readily determined. CoFe2O4 nanocrystals and their mesoporous structure were authenticated by low-angle and wide-angle X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, element mapping, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption isotherms, and so on. They were applied to degrade chlorpyrifos where Meso-CoFe2O4/SiO2 composites provide a mesoporous microenvironment and combined with ultrasonic treatment can enhance heterogeneous activation of persulfate. Research findings showed that the system can be conducive to remove quickly chlorpyrifos and the removal ratios reached 99.99%. The results provided a strategy for the chlorpyrifos degradation and, similarly, pollution control of pesticide wastewater.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
HRTEM images for Meso-CoFe2O4/SiO2: (A) high magnification and (B) relatively low magnification.
Figure 2
Figure 2
SEM images and element mapping for Meso-CoFe2O4/SiO2.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Small-angle (A) and wide-angle (B) XRD patterns for Meso-CoFe2O4/SiO2.
Figure 4
Figure 4
N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms (A) and pore size distributions (B) for Meso-CoFe2O4/SiO2.
Figure 5
Figure 5
XPS full spectra (A), Fe2p (B), Co2p (C) and O1s (D) spectra for Meso-CoFe2O4/SiO2 before use and after use.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of OFE/PDS systems enhanced with ultrasonic treatment; C(OFE) = 5 g·L–1, [persulfate]0 = 40 mM, [DMPO] = 0.10 M, initial T ≈ 25 °C, initial pH ≈ 7.0, ultrasonic frequency = 40 kHz.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Removal profiles of chlorpyrifos on different systems enhanced with ultrasonic treatment; [chlorpyrifos]0 = 0.285 mM, C(Fe3O4/OFE) = 2 g·L–1, [persulfate]0 = 4 mM, initial T ≈ 25 °C, initial pH ≈ 7.0, ultrasonic frequency = 40 kHz.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Effect of catalyst dosage (A) and persulfate concentration (C) on chlorpyrifos degradation in OFE/PDS/US systems; relationship between catalyst dosage and reaction ratio constants (B); relationship between persulfate concentration and reaction ratio constants (D); [chlorpyrifos]0 = 0.285 mM, initial T ≈ 25 °C, initial pH ≈ 7.0, ultrasonic frequency = 40 kHz.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Effect of ultrasonic frequency on chlorpyrifos degradation (A); relationship between ultrasonic frequency and reaction ratio constant (B); [chlorpyrifos]0 = 0.285 mM, C(Fe3O4/OFE) = 2 g·L–1, [persulfate]0 = 4 mM, initial T ≈ 25 °C, initial pH ≈ 7.0.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Values of several important parameters involved in two different systems enhanced with ultrasonic; [chlorpyrifos]0 = 0.285 mM, C(OFE/Fe3O4) = 2 g·L–1, [persulfate]0 = 4 mM, initial T ≈ 25 °C, initial pH ≈ 7.0, ultrasonic frequency = 40 kHz.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Residue ratio of chlorpyrifos and COD; various ion concentration with different reaction times; [chlorpyrifos]0 = 0.285 mM, C(OFE) = 2 g·L–1, [persulfate]0 = 4 mM, initial pH ≈ 7.0, initial T ≈ 25 °C, ultrasonic frequency = 40 kHz.
Scheme 1
Scheme 1. Possible Degradation Pathways of Chlorpyrifos
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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