[What if my life is not worth living?]

Abstract

In the culture of the Western countries suicide remains a taboo subject. Some of the risk factors for suicide are known, but the connections between non-communicable conditions (chronic-degenerative terminal diseases - CDTD) and suicide have been poorly explored until now. In contrast, the increasing legalization and public support for euthanasia (E) and physician assisted suicide (PAS) in Western countries make it important to understand this topic. Palliative care (PC) is a useful measure to counteract suicidal ideation, but many chronically sick people chose nevertheless to hasten death through E or PAS. In Western countries, where E and PAS are not legalized, "suicide tourism" started from 2001 towards Switzerland. This is the case of an Italian patient (dj Fabo) suffering from a severe post-traumatic disability. He recently died through PAS in that country supported by Mr. Marco Cappato, a member of Luca Coscioni Association who then incriminated himself, declaring he helped the patient reach Switzerland (in Italy violation of Criminal Code Art. 580). In October 24, 2018 the Italian Constitutional Court held that the absolute ban on assisted suicide provided for in Art. 580 of the Italian Criminal Code is unconstitutional under specific conditions such as a terminal illness causing physical and/or psychological unbearable suffering, requiring life supports being the patient still able to make decisions (ordinance n. 207/2018). The Court has asked Parliament to pass legislation before ruling on unconstitutionality of Art. 580. The Parliament has not passed a law on assisted suicide to date, then the Court will decide on September 24, 2019. Taking into account the content of the ordinance n. 207/2018, legal scholars and physicians, pooled in a Working Group, decided to open an interdisciplinary discussion on the physician assisted suicide issues drawing up the document entitled "Medical assistence to die, and law" (see the document in this issue of the journal) aimed to contribute to the public debate.