Burden of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis on workers in the US: a cross-sectional analysis of survey data

Abstract

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is prevalent among working age individuals (20-60 years), leading to high burden on work productivity. Few data are available about the absenteeism and presenteeism in employed individuals with MS in comparison to non-MS personnel. This study aimed to quantify the burden of illness of employed US adults with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and examine burden by levels of work impairment.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted using patient-reported responses from the US National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS). Data from NHWS 2015-2016 were analyzed from 196 employed RRMS respondents who were matched 1:4 to employed respondents without MS based on demographic and general health characteristics. Demographic and general health characteristics for employed RRMS individuals were analyzed by levels of work impairment (none, 1-30%; 31-68%; 69-100%). Work productivity (absenteeism, presenteeism, and work impairment), decrements in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (short form-36, EQ-5D), and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) were compared to determine the burden of RRMS.

Results: After propensity score matching, the levels of absenteeism and presenteeism were 2 and 1.8 times higher in the employed RRMS population than the employed non-MS population, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). HRQoL was significantly lower in employed respondents with RRMS than those without MS (P < 0.001 for all). Employed respondents with RRMS had significantly more HCRU over 6 months compared to those without MS (P < 0.001). Furthermore, among employed RRMS respondents, greater levels of impairment were associated with increasing disease severity, greater healthcare resource use, fatigue, and cognitive impairment and inversely associated with mental and physical HRQoL (P < 0.0001 for all).

Conclusions: Among employed individuals, respondents with RRMS had lower, work productivity, HRQoL, and higher HCRU as compared with those without MS. Given the large impact RRMS has on work impairment, a need exists to manage individuals on therapies that improve HRQoL, reduce symptoms, and improve their ability to perform in the workforce.

Keywords: Absenteeism; Healthcare resource utilization; Presenteeism; Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis; Work impairment.

Fig. 1

a Health-Related Quality of Life Among Employed RRMS Respondents. All values are expressed as mean ± SD. *Overall omnibus P value is < 0.001. EQ-5D, EuroQoL-5 dimension; MCS, Mental Component Summary; PCS, Physical Component Summary; RRMS, Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. b Fatigue/Perceived Cognitive Impairment Among Employed RRMS Respondents. All values are expressed as mean ± SD. *Overall omnibus P value is < 0.001. RRMS, Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis; SD, Standard Deviation. c Percent Healthcare Resource Utilization Among Employed RRMS Respondents. All values are expressed as % P < 0.05 for neurologist visits, ER visits, and hospitalizations. GP, General Physician; HCP, Healthcare Provider; PCP, Primary Care Physician; RRMS, Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis; SD, Standard Deviation