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. 2019 Oct 29;9(1):15508.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51660-5.

Altered temporal sensitivity in obesity is linked to pro-inflammatory state

Federica Scarpina  1 , Paolo Marzullo  2   3 , Stefania Mai  2 , Alessandro Mauro  2   4 , Massimo Scacchi  2   5 , Marcello Costantini  6
Affiliations

Altered temporal sensitivity in obesity is linked to pro-inflammatory state

Federica Scarpina et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Temporal sensitivity to multisensory stimuli has been shown to be reduced in obesity. We sought to investigate the possible role of the pro-inflammatory state on such alteration, considering the effect of the expression of markers, such as leptin and IL6, which are notably high in obesity. The performance of 15 male individuals affected by obesity and 15 normal-weight males was compared using two audiovisual temporal tasks, namely simultaneity judgment and temporal order judgment. Analyses of serum levels of inflammatory markers of leptin and IL6, and of neurotrophic factors of BDNF and S100SB were quantified. At the behavioral level we confirmed previous evidence showing poorer temporal sensitivity in obesity compared to normal-weight participants. Furthermore, leptin, that is a cytokine overexpressed in obesity, represented the best predictor of behavioral differences between groups in both tasks. The hypothesis we put forward is that the immune system, rather than overall cerebral dysfunction, might contribute to explain the altered temporal sensitivity in obesity. The present finding is discussed within the context of the role of cytokines on the brain mechanisms supporting temporal sensitivity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial and non-financial interests. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Left plot: Group mean TBW defined using the Simultaneity Judgment (SJ) task. Right plot: Group mean JND values defined using the Temporal Order Judgment (TOJ) task. Red curves represent obese participants, black curves represent healthy-weight controls. Symbols represent the raw, unfitted data.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The relationship between the TBW (x-axys) defined using the Simultaneity Judgment (SJ) Task and the level of leptin (y axys) split for the two groups (filled circle: participants with obesity; empty circle: normal-weight participants).
Figure 3
Figure 3
The relationship between the JND (x-axys) using the Temporal Order Judgment (TOJ) task. and the level of leptin (y axys) split for the two groups (filled circle: participants with obesity; empty circle: normal-weight participants).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Graphical representation of stimuli presentation.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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