Exploratory analysis of cold, heat, deficiency, or excess pattern distribution in women with dysmenorrhea

Abstract

Objective: To understand the impact and implications of cold, heat, deficiency, or excess pattern identification in relation to dysmenorrhea, comparing the prevalence of these patterns between women with and without dysmenorrhea is needed.

Methods: We gathered data from the Korea Constitutional Multicenter Bank. A total of 508 patients were recruited and provided with cold, heat, deficiency, or excess pattern and dysmenorrhea questionnaires. On the basis of their responses, they were divided into the dysmenorrhea group (moderate or severe dysmenorrheic pain; n = 90) and non-dysmenorrhea group (no dysmenorrheic pain; n = 155). We analyzed the characteristics of the groups and compared the cold, heat, deficiency, or excess pattern scores. Comparisons were performed using the independent t-test. We also performed multiple comparisons of each individual symptom between the groups to explore which symptoms appear with dysmenorrhea using the Bonferroni adjustment method.

Results: There was a high positive correlation between deficiency pattern scores and excess pattern scores (p < 0.001). The cold, deficiency, and excess pattern scores were significantly higher in the dysmenorrhea group than in the non-dysmenorrhea group (p < 0.001). Twenty among the 76 pattern items showed significant differences between the groups (p < 0.001). Among all items, there was a large effect size only in sleep quality (mean difference 1.07, 95% confidence interval 0.75-1.39, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: Women with dysmenorrhea have higher cold, deficiency, and excess pattern scores than those without dysmenorrhea. The longitudinal observation of these symptoms needs to be evaluated using a clinical prospective study design in accordance with pattern differentiation in the future.

Keywords: Cross-sectional study; Dysmenorrhea; Pattern identification.