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. 2019 Oct 3:2019:1970645.
doi: 10.1155/2019/1970645. eCollection 2019.

Locomotive Syndrome Stage 1 Predicts Significant Worsening of Future Motor Performance: The Prospective Yakumo Study

Kazuyoshi Kobayashi  1 , Shiro Imagama  1 , Kei Ando  1 , Masaaki Machino  1 , Satoshi Tanaka  1 , Masayoshi Morozumi  1 , Shunsuke Kanbara  1 , Sadayuki Ito  1 , Taro Inoue  1 , Naoki Ishiguro  1 , Yukiharu Hasegawa  2
Affiliations

Locomotive Syndrome Stage 1 Predicts Significant Worsening of Future Motor Performance: The Prospective Yakumo Study

Kazuyoshi Kobayashi et al. Biomed Res Int. .

Abstract

Purpose: Aging of society has increased the need for prolongation of a healthy lifespan through maintenance of physical function. Prediction of future physical function may be possible by screening for stage 1 locomotive syndrome (LS). In this prospective study, we examined the influence of LS stage 1 at baseline (2011) on physical performance after 5 years (2016) in a community-dwelling cohort.

Methods: The participants were elderly adults aged >40 years who attended public health checkups as part of the Yakumo Study. LS screening in 2011 and 2016 was performed using the 25-question geriatric locomotive function scale (GLFS-25), the stand-up test, and the two-step test. LS of stage 1 or 2 was defined if the participant met the criteria in any of the three tests. Participants not meeting LS criteria were defined as the no risk group. Physical performance tests (10 m gait time, back muscle strength, 3 m TUG, and maximum stride) were also performed in 2011 and 2016.

Results: A total of 113 subjects (49 males, 64 females; average age 65.0 years) were followed from 2011 to 2016. At baseline, 73 (65%) had no risk, 29 (25%) had stage 1 LS, and 11 (10%) had stage 2 LS. Five years later, 51 (45%) had no risk, 45 (40%) had stage 1 LS, and 17 (15%) had stage 2 LS. Of the 73 subjects with no risk at baseline, 23 (32%) had stage 1 LS and 1 (1%) had stage 2 LS after 5 years. The baseline stage 1 LS group had significantly worse physical performance after 5 years, compared to the baseline no risk group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: This longitudinal study showed that stage 1 LS screening is important for prevention of motor dysfunction in middle-aged and elderly people.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution of risk levels for LS from three criteria (GLFS-25, stand-up test, and two-step test).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Distribution of risk levels for LS from three tests and the total assessment for all participants at baseline.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The 5-year reduction in back muscle strength was significantly lower in the baseline no risk group (n = 73) compared to the baseline stage 1 LS group (n = 29) (−12.1 ± 18.2% vs. −21.7 ± 24.2%; p < 0.05).
Figure 4
Figure 4
The 5-year increase in 10 m gait time was significantly lower In the baseline no risk group (n = 73) compared to the baseline stage 1 LS group (n = 29) (6.5 ± 12.5% vs. 12.2 ± 13.2%; p < 0.05).
Figure 5
Figure 5
The 5-year increase in 3 m-TUG was significantly lower in the baseline no risk group (n = 73) compared to the baseline stage 1 LS group (n = 29) (1.6 ± 11.6% vs. 6.6 ± 9.2%; p < 0.05).
Figure 6
Figure 6
The 5-year reduction in maximum stride was significantly lower in the baseline no risk group (n = 73) compared to the baseline stage 1 LS group (n = 29) (−1.4 ± 8.4% vs. −5.4 ± 7.1%; p < 0.05).
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