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Review
. 2019 Nov 4;24(21):3982.
doi: 10.3390/molecules24213982.

The Polyphenols as Potential Agents in Prevention and Therapy of Prostate Diseases

Tomislav Pejčić  1   2 , Tomislav Tosti  3 , Zoran Džamić  4   5 , Uroš Gašić  6 , Aleksandar Vuksanović  7   8 , Zana Dolićanin  9 , Živoslav Tešić  10
Affiliations
Review

The Polyphenols as Potential Agents in Prevention and Therapy of Prostate Diseases

Tomislav Pejčić et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

In recent years, the progress of science and medicine greatly has influenced human life span and health. However, lifestyle habits, like physical activity, smoking cessation, moderate alcohol consumption, diet, and maintaining a normal body weight represent measures that greatly reduce the risk of various diseases. The type of diet is very important for disease development. Numerous epidemiological clinical data confirm that longevity is linked to predominantly plant-based diets and it is related to a long life; whereas the western diet, rich in red meat and fats, increases the risk of oxidative stress and thus the risk of developing various diseases and pre-aging. This review is focused on the bioavailability of polyphenols and the use of polyphenols for the prevention of prostate diseases. Special focus in this paper is placed on the isoflavonoids and flavan-3-ols, subgroups of polyphenols, and their protective effects against the development of prostate diseases.

Keywords: cancer; flavan-3-ols; isoflavones; polyphenols; prostate.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Stroma–epithelial interaction. E = estrogen, T = testosterone, DHT = dihydrotestosterone, BM = basement membrane, GF = growth factor, BC = basal cell, SC = secretory cell.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Simplified graphical presentation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) actions.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chemical structures of luteolin, apigenin, and tangeretin.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Chemical structures of quercetin, fisetin, myricetin, and kaempferol.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Chemical structures of hesperetin, naringenin and eriodictyol.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Chemical structures of estradiol, genistein, and daidzein.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Aromatase converts testosterone to estradiol.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Chemical structures of some flavan-3-ol derivatives.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Chemical structures of most common anthocyanins found in nature.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Chemical structures of gallic acid, ellagic acid, and urolithin A.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Chemical structures of some hydroxycinnamic acids.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Chemical structure of trans-resveratrol.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Chemical structure of the most important plant lignans.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Chemical structure of curcumin.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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