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. 2020 Jan 8;48(D1):D1006-D1021.
doi: 10.1093/nar/gkz951.

The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2020: extending immunopharmacology content and introducing the IUPHAR/MMV Guide to MALARIA PHARMACOLOGY

Jane F Armstrong  1 , Elena Faccenda  1 , Simon D Harding  1 , Adam J Pawson  1 , Christopher Southan  1 , Joanna L Sharman  1 , Brice Campo  2 , David R Cavanagh  3 , Stephen P H Alexander  4 , Anthony P Davenport  5 , Michael Spedding  6 , Jamie A Davies  1 ; NC-IUPHAR
Affiliations

The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2020: extending immunopharmacology content and introducing the IUPHAR/MMV Guide to MALARIA PHARMACOLOGY

Jane F Armstrong et al. Nucleic Acids Res. .

Abstract

The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY (www.guidetopharmacology.org) is an open-access, expert-curated database of molecular interactions between ligands and their targets. We describe significant updates made over the seven releases during the last two years. The database is notably enhanced through the continued linking of relevant pharmacology with key immunological data types as part of the IUPHAR Guide to IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY (www.guidetoimmunopharmacology.org) and by a major new extension, the IUPHAR/MMV Guide to Malaria PHARMACOLOGY (www.guidetomalariapharmacology.org). The latter has been constructed in partnership with the Medicines for Malaria Venture, an organization dedicated to identifying, developing and delivering new antimalarial therapies that are both effective and affordable. This is in response to the global challenge of over 200 million cases of malaria and 400 000 deaths worldwide, with the majority in the WHO Africa Region. It provides new pharmacological content, including molecular targets in the malaria parasite, interaction data for ligands with antimalarial activity, and establishes curation of data from screening assays, used routinely in antimalarial drug discovery, against the whole organism. A dedicated portal has been developed to provide quick and focused access to these new data.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Growth in approvals of monoclonal antibodies over the last 26 years. Data include approvals for monoclonal antibodies and immunoglobulin Fc domain-containing fusion proteins that act at human protein targets and which are used to treat human diseases. Approval status is derived from the FDA (U.S. Food & Drug Administration; https://www.fda.gov), EMA (European Medicines Agency; https://www.ema.europa.eu) and EMC (Electronic Medicines Compendium; https://www.medicines.org.uk) websites, as well as from published ‘First global approval’ articles, and other online resources. The earliest approval date is used for each drug. The data set does not include the increasing number of biosimilar products that have been approved in the last 5–6 years.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Growth of human target interaction data in GtoPdb since 2013.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Ligand chloroquine, depositor comments from PubChem substance record (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/178102177#section=Depositor-Comments). Displaying depositor comments added during submission from GtoPdb. These indicate inclusion in either GtoImmuPdb or GtoMPdb; drug approval status; and curatorial comments.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Top results returned when searching PubChem Substance for GtoPdb compounds included in GtoMPdb ((‘IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY’[SourceName]) AND gtopdb_malaria; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pcsubstance/?term=(%22IUPHAR%2FBPS+Guide+to+PHARMACOLOGY%22%5BSourceName%5D)+AND+gtopdb_malaria).
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
GtoPdb disease summary page for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (https://www.guidetoimmunopharmacology.org/GRAC/DiseaseDisplayForward?diseaseId=218). (A) Summary of disease and counts of associated targets and ligands. (B) Associated target data section. (C) Associated ligand data section, with expandable drop-down comments.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
GtoMPdb ligand summary page illustrating new interface features. (A) The modified interactions table provides data from whole cell assays, with information available for the parasite lifecycle stage activity (given in the dropdown information for each row) and Plasmodium species (pop-up window in the species column). The table shown is for a ligand with an unknown target (ganaplacide, GtoPdb Ligand ID 9946; https://www.guidetomalariapharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?tab=biology&ligandId=9946). (B) The malaria tab displays curator comments of particular relevance to malaria, including summary information about the potential target or mechanism of action, and a table containing TCP details (example shown is (+)-SJ733, GtoPdb Ligand ID 9723; https://www.guidetomalariapharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?tab=malaria&ligandId=9723#malaria).
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
Example of a parasite lifecycle page, here the Plasmodium liver stage (https://www.guidetomalariapharmacology.org/GRAC/ParasiteLifecycleDisplayForward?stageId=1), developed specifically for GtoMPdb.
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
Example of an individual target species page, here showing Plasmodium falciparum (https://www.guidetomalariapharmacology.org/GRAC/MalariaTargetSpeciesDisplayForward?speciesId=103), developed specifically for GtoMPdb.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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