Spice, vulnerability, and victimization: Synthetic cannabinoids and interpersonal crime victimization among homeless adults

Abstract

Background: Although the physiologic and psychological harms associated with the use of synthetic cannabinoids, such as spice, are well-described, researchers have yet to examine how spice abuse affects exposure to crime. This paper describes the dangerous social environment where spice is used and delineates how synthetic cannabinoid abuse increases the risk of victimization.

Methods: This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews to examine crime- and victimization-related experiences of 22 homeless adults. Transcripts were analyzed for emergent themes using a two-tiered qualitative coding process.

Results: Those experiencing homelessness describe synthetic cannabinoids as powerful intoxicants. Substances such as spice are sought for their ability to detach those under the drug's influence from reality. Participants illustrated their understanding of how synthetic cannabinoids affect the health and safety of unsheltered persons. Spice use frequently results in rapid intoxication; individuals under the influence of spice are thereby physically vulnerable to crime, particularly theft and robbery.

Conclusion: Findings add to previous research on the harms of synthetic cannabinoid abuse. This study suggests a victimization process common among homeless persons who use spice: Incapacitation often rapidly follows use, which in turn precipitates victimization.

Keywords: Homelessness; spice; street crime; synthetic cannabinoids; victimization; vulnerability.