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Review
. 2020 Apr:147:106381.
doi: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106381. Epub 2019 Nov 4.

Oxysterols as lipid mediators: Their biosynthetic genes, enzymes and metabolites

William J Griffiths  1 , Yuqin Wang  2
Affiliations
Review

Oxysterols as lipid mediators: Their biosynthetic genes, enzymes and metabolites

William J Griffiths et al. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2020 Apr.

Abstract

There is growing evidence that oxysterols are more than simple metabolites in the pathway from cholesterol to bile acids. Recent data has shown oxysterols to be ligands to nuclear receptors and to G protein-coupled receptors, modulators of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors and regulators of cholesterol biosynthesis. In this mini-review we will discuss the biosynthetic mechanisms for the formation of different oxysterols and the implication of disruption of these mechanisms in health and disease.

Keywords: Dihydroxycholesterol; Epoxycholesterol; Epstein Barr virus induced gene 2; G protein-coupled receptor; Hedgehog signaling; Hydroxycholesterol; Liver X receptor; Nuclear receptor; Smoothened.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
7α-Hydroxylase and (25R)26-hydroxylase pathways of oxysterol biosynthesis. The 7α-hydroxylase pathway starts with 7α-hydroxylation of cholesterol and the (25R)26-hydroxylase pathway begins with (25R)26-hydroxylation of cholesterol.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
24S-Hydroxylase and 25-hydroxylase pathways of oxysterol biosynthesis.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Peroxisomal side-chain shortening.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Cholesterol epoxide hydrolase, 7β-hydroxy and 7-oxo pathways of oxysterol biosynthesis.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Metabolism of 5α,6-epoxycholesterol.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Biosynthesis of 24S,25-epoxycholesterol and of other oxysterols from desmosterol.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
22R-Hydroxylase pathway.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Oxysterols derived from 7-DHC.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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