Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2020 Feb;53(1):1-19.
doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2019.09.012. Epub 2019 Nov 4.

History of Cranial Nerve-Implanted Stimulators in Otolaryngology

Ksenia A Aaron  1 , Albert C Mudry  2
Affiliations
Review

History of Cranial Nerve-Implanted Stimulators in Otolaryngology

Ksenia A Aaron et al. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2020 Feb.

Abstract

This article aims to clearly understand the historical development of cranial nerve-implanted stimulators in otolaryngology. The authors also discuss cranial nerve history; initial theory of the functional concept of animal spirit; electrical nerve impulse theory; first electrical otolaryngology cranial nerve stimulation devices; and the development of implanted stimulators.

Keywords: Cranial nerve; Implant; Otolaryngology; Stimulators.

PubMed Disclaimer

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources