Conflict of interest: V. Alfieri has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: E. Crisafulli has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: D. Visca has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: W.H. Chong has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: C. Stock has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: L. Mori has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: A. de Lauretis has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: V. Tsipouri has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: F. Chua reports lecture fees and advisory board fees from Boehringer Ingelheim and from Roche, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: V. Kouranos has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M. Kokosi has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: C. Hogben has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: P.L. Molyneaux has, via his institution, received industry-academic funding from Roche, Boehringer Ingelheim and Galapagos and has received speaker fees from Roche. Conflict of interest: P.M. George reports grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Boehringer Ingelheim, personal fees and non-financial support from Roche, personal fees from Teva, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: T.M. Maher has, via his institution, received industry-academic funding from GlaxoSmithKline R&D and UCB and has received consultancy or speaker fees from Apellis, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Blade Therapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Galapagos, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Indalo, Novartis, Pliant, ProMetic, Respivnat, Roche, Samumed and UCB. Conflict of interest: A.A. Chetta has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: P. Sestini has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: A.U. Wells reports lecture fees and advisory board fees from Boeringher Ingelheim, Roche and Bayer, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: E.A. Renzoni reports lecture fees and advisory board fees from Boeringher Ingelheim and Roche, and lecture fees from Mundipharma, outside the submitted work.