Psychoactive medications in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: From prevalence to effects on motor command and strength

Abstract

Introduction: In chronic-obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, the peripheral muscle weakness is partly due to reduced motor command. The psychoactive medications, which are often prescribed in COPD, are mainly inhibitory and thus may contribute to motor command reduction. The aims were to characterize and quantify the use of these drugs and determine their effects on cortical excitability and inhibition and thus on motor command and muscle weakness in these patients.

Methods: First, a prevalence study was conducted on 421 COPD patients. Second, cortical excitability, inhibition and voluntary activation were assessed in 40 patients (15 under psychoactive medications vs. 25 controls) by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the rectus femoris. Quadriceps maximal isometric strength was also assessed.

Results: About 48% of the patients were taking psychoactive medication. Benzodiazepines (21%) and antidepressants (13.5%) were the most prescribed. Patients with medications tended to be younger and isolated (p < 0.05). They also showed impaired cortical inhibition and decreased cortical excitability (+36%, p = 0.02). Voluntary activation was reduced (-3.6%, p = 0.04) but quadriceps strength was comparable between groups.

Conclusions: Psychoactive medications are prevalent in COPD patients. Patients under these medications exhibited brain impairment and reduced motor command. Paradoxically, voluntary strength was unaltered.

Keywords: Brain; COPD; Motor command; Muscle weakness; Psychoactive medications; TMS.