Effect of Different Framework Materials in Implant-Supported Fixed Mandibular Prostheses: A Finite Element Analysis

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the biomechanical behaviors of different framework materials in implant-supported fixed mandibular prostheses using three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis.

Materials and methods: A model of a severely resorbed edentulous mandible was obtained from a tomography database. Morse taper-connection implants and multi-unit abutments were cut with an electro-erosion machine and scanned using a 3D scanner. The implants were positioned on the model at the bone level and distributed equally to support a fixed complete prosthesis. The simulations were divided into six groups according to the framework material: titanium (Ti); cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr); zirconia (ZrO₂); polyether ether ketone (PEEK); carbon fiber-reinforced polyether ether ketone (CFR-PEEK); and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The resultant load applied was obtained from the masseter, temporal, lateral, and medial pterygoid muscles. The principal stresses and von Mises equivalent stresses were analyzed and compared among the framework materials, and the results were described both quantitatively and qualitatively.

Results: PEEK and PMMA frameworks showed the highest total deformation values, showing decreases of von Mises stresses in the frameworks, implants, and abutments, but with a high tensile stress in the trabecular bone that achieved critical values. CFR-PEEK frameworks achieved their failure limit, whereas the ZrO₂, Co-Cr, and Ti frameworks exhibited principal stresses in the bone region within physiologic limits.

Conclusion: From a biomechanical point of view, the Ti, Co-Cr, and ZrO₂ frameworks demonstrated the most favorable outcomes.