Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Diabetes: An Update

Abstract

The globalization of the Western lifestyle has resulted in increase of diabetes mellitus, a complex, multifactorial disease. Diabetes mellitus is a condition often related to the disorders of the cardiovascular system. It is well established that three quarters of diabetics, aged over 40, will die from cardiovascular disease and are more likely than non-diabetics to die from their first cardiovascular event. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to individualize treatment via risk stratification. Conditions that increase cardiovascular risk in people with diabetes include age more than 40 years, male gender, history of relative suffering from premature CHD, blood pressure and high LDL levels, presence of microalbuminuria, obstructive sleepapnea, erectile dysfunction and other conditions. Several models have been developed in order to assess cardiovascular risk in people with and without diabetes. Some of them have been proven to be inadequate while others are widely used for years. An emerging way of risk assessment in patients with diabetes mellitus is the use of biomarkers but a lot of research needs to be done in this field in order to have solid conclusions.

Keywords: Diabetes; biomarkers; cardiovascular risk; coronary heart disease; low density lipoprotein; risk assessment.

Fig. (1)

SCORE European High Risk Chart. (A higher resolution / colour version of this figure is available in the electronic copy of the article).

Fig. (2)

SCORE European Low Risk Chart. (A higher resolution / colour version of this figure is available in the electronic copy of the article).