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. 2020 Jan;34(1):e23031.
doi: 10.1002/jcla.23031. Epub 2019 Nov 12.

Potentiality of forkhead box Q1 as a biomarker for monitoring tumor features and predicting prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer

Lan Li  1 , Bin Xu  1 , Huibo Zhang  1 , Jie Wu  1 , Qibin Song  1 , Jinming Yu  1   2
Affiliations

Potentiality of forkhead box Q1 as a biomarker for monitoring tumor features and predicting prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer

Lan Li et al. J Clin Lab Anal. 2020 Jan.

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to explore the correlation of forkhead box Q1 (FOXQ1) with clinicopathological features and survival profiles in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: A total of 238 NSCLC patients with TNM stage I-III who underwent surgical resection were reviewed, and the expression of FOXQ1 in tumor and paired adjacent tissue was detected using immunohistochemistry assays. The clinical data and survival data of patients with NSCLC were retrieved and calculated.

Results: FOXQ1 expression was increased in tumor tissue (61.3% high expression and 38.7% low expression) compared with paired adjacent tissue (37.8% high expression and 62.2% low expression) (P < .001). In addition, high FOXQ1 expression was associated with larger tumor size (P = .042), lymph node metastasis (P = .040), and advanced TNM stage (P = .002). Disease-free survival (DFS) (P = .016) and overall survival (OS) (P = .008) were both reduced in patients with high FOXQ1 expression compared with patients with low FOXQ1 expression. Additionally, high FOXQ1 expression (P = .043), poor pathological differentiation (P = .003), and lymph node metastasis (P < .001) were independent risk factors for DFS, and high FOXQ1 expression (P = .021), tumor size (>5 cm) (P = .014), and lymph node metastasis (P < .001) were independent risk factors for OS.

Conclusion: High FOXQ1 expression is associated with advanced tumor features as well as undesirable survival profiles in patients with NSCLC, implying the potential prognostic value of FOXQ1 for NSCLC.

Keywords: clinicopathological features; forkhead box Q1; non-small cell lung cancer; survival profile.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Study flow. NSCLC, non‐small cell lung cancer
Figure 2
Figure 2
FOXQ1 expression in NSCLC tumor tissue and adjacent tissue. Representative IHC images illustrate high FOXQ1 expression in tumor tissue and low FOXQ1 expression in adjacent tissue (A). The numbers (percentages) of high/low FOXQ1 expression in tumor tissue and adjacent tissue (B). The comparison of count data for paired samples was performed by McNemar's test. P < .05 was considered significant. FOXQ1, forkhead box Q1; NSCLC, non‐small cell lung cancer
Figure 3
Figure 3
Comparison of DFS and OS between NSCLC patients with high FOXQ1 expression and NSCLC patients with low FOXQ1 expression. Comparison of DFS between patients with high FOXQ1 expression and patients with low FOXQ1 expression (A). Comparison of OS between patients with high FOXQ1 expression and patients with low FOXQ1 expression (B). The survival profiles of NSCLC patients were visualized with a Kaplan‐Meier curve, and the comparison of survival between patients with high FOXQ1 expression and patients with low FOXQ1 expression was performed by a log‐rank test. P < .05 was considered significant. DFS, disease‐free survival; OS, overall survival; FOXQ1, forkhead box Q1; NSCLC, non‐small cell lung cancer
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