Knowledge, Perception and Management of Pre-eclampsia among Health Care Providers in a Maternity Hospital

Abstract

Background: Morbidity and mortality of women and children associated with pre-eclampsia present major global health problems in low and middle income countries. The prevalence of pre-eclampsia in Nigeria ranges from 2% to 16.7%, with approximately 37,000 women dying from preeclampsia annually. This study examines knowledge, perception and management of preeclampsia among healthcare providers in a major maternity hospital in Lagos, southwest Nigeria.

Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 110 health care providers comprising of 75 Nurses, 9 Consultant Physicians, and 26 General Medical Practitioners with varying years of service were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-administered 36-item semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences to generate descriptive and inferential statistics with level of significance set at 0.05.

Results: Health care providers in the study had an average knowledge of pre-eclampsia with a mean score of 16.69±3.53. There was generally a good perception of pre-eclampsia with a mean sore of 28.31±3.71. The most-prevalent clinical management practices were emergency cesarean section (16%), magnesium sulphate infusion (29%), and fluid/electrolyte management (9%). Knowledge of pre-eclampsia and years of practice were significantly associated (F=3.31; p= 0.023).

Conclusion and global health implications: Gaps in the knowledge of causes, diagnoses, and treatment of pre-eclampsia may be attributable to lack of refresher trainings and absence of written practice guidelines on pre-eclampsia management. Health care providers at this hospital may benefit from training courses that include current nationally and internationally-approved management of pre-eclampsia.

Keywords: Eclampsia; Health care providers; Knowledge; Management; Nigeria; Perception; Pre-eclampsia.