Focused Teaching Improves Medical Student Professionalism and Data Gathering Skills in the Emergency Department

Abstract

Introduction: Leaders in medical education have developed milestones and core competencies in an attempt to ensure that relational skills, such as communication and professionalism, are emphasized in addition to the usual skills of medical knowledge, data gathering, and emergency stabilization during students' emergency medicine (EM) medical education. Providers facile in each of these areas have better patient outcomes, patient experiences, and decreased incidence of malpractice cases. The authors attempted to demonstrate that by deliberate teaching of these skills during an EM medical student clerkship, students could significantly improve their clinical performance.

Methods: This prospective, randomized, single-blinded cohort study was performed at an academic, tertiary, urban ED to investigate the effects of a one-on-one preceptor shift on the clinical performance of fourth-year medical students. Students were randomized into two groups and assessed by pre- and post-intervention objective structured clinical encounters (OSCEs) with standardized patients (SPs) at weeks one and three. A crossover design was employed so that students in the control group participated in a preceptor shift after their second OSCE. Measurements were based on a five-point Likert scale assessment linked to early EM milestones as defined by the Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Results: The mean improvement in total overall score was significantly greater in the intervention group: 4.31 versus 2.57 (Cohen's d = 0.57, p = 0.029). When each milestone was assessed individually, students in the intervention group improved significantly in data gathering (Cohen's d = 0.47, p = 0.048) and professionalism (Cohen's d = 0.66, p = 0.011). There was a nonstatistically significant improvement for the intervention compared to control group in emergency management and communication skills. There was no improvement for either group in medical knowledge.

Conclusion: A one-on-one preceptor shift can result in a statistically significant improvement in data gathering and professionalism skills as measured by OSCEs.

Keywords: clerkship; communication; core competencies; data gathering; emergency medicine; medical education; osce; professionalism; resident as teacher; simulation.

Figure 1. Study design.

OSCE, objective structured clinical examination; RTP, resident as teacher preceptorship.