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. 2019 Oct 16:2019:6410159.
doi: 10.1155/2019/6410159. eCollection 2019.

Inhaling Hydrogen Ameliorates Early Postresuscitation EEG Characteristics in an Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest Rat Model

Gang Chen  1   2 , Jingru Li  1 , Jianjie Wang  1 , Bihua Chen  1 , Yongqin Li  1
Affiliations

Inhaling Hydrogen Ameliorates Early Postresuscitation EEG Characteristics in an Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest Rat Model

Gang Chen et al. Biomed Res Int. .

Abstract

Background: Electroencephalography (EEG) is commonly used to assess the neurological prognosis of comatose patients after cardiac arrest (CA). However, the early prognostic accuracy of EEG may be affected by postresuscitation interventions. Recent animal studies found that hydrogen inhalation after CA greatly improved neurological outcomes by selectively neutralizing highly reactive oxidants, but the effect of hydrogen inhalation on EEG recovery and its prognostication value are still unclear. The present study investigated the effects of hydrogen inhalation on early postresuscitation EEG characteristics in an asphyxial CA rat model.

Methods: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated after 5 min of untreated CA in 40 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were randomized for ventilation with 98% oxygen plus 2% hydrogen (H2) or 98% oxygen plus 2% nitrogen (Ctrl) under normothermia for 1 h. EEG characteristics were continuously recorded for 4 h, and the relationships between quantitative EEG characteristics and 96 h neurological outcomes were investigated.

Results: No differences in baseline and resuscitation data were observed between groups, but the survival rate was significantly higher in the H2 group than in the Ctrl group (90% vs. 40%, P < 0.01). Compared to the Ctrl group, the H2 group showed a shorter burst onset time (21.85 [20.00-23.38] vs. 25.70 [22.48-30.05], P < 0.01) and time to normal trace (169.83 [161.63-208.55] vs. 208.39 [186.29-248.80], P < 0.01). Additionally, the burst suppression ratio (0.66 ± 0.09 vs. 0.52 ± 0.17, P < 0.01) and weighted-permutation entropy (0.47 ± 0.16 vs. 0.34 ± 0.13, P < 0.01) were markedly higher in the H2 group. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the 4 EEG characteristics in predicting survival were 0.82, 0.84, 0.88, and 0.83, respectively.

Conclusions: In this asphyxial CA rat model, the improved postresuscitation EEG characteristics for animals treated with hydrogen are correlated with the better 96 h neurological outcome and predicted survival.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Kaplan-Meier analysis of cumulative survival at 96 h postresuscitation; n = 20 in each group. Ctrl, control group; H2, hydrogen inhalation group. ∗∗P < 0.01 compared with the control group.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Serum level S100B measured at baseline, 120 and 240 min after resuscitation; n = 20 at each time point in two groups. Ctrl, control group; H2, hydrogen inhalation group; BL, baseline; PR, postresuscitation. ∗∗P < 0.01 compared with the Control group.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Representative EEG patterns for the control group and hydrogen inhalation group. Ctrl, control group; H2, hydrogen inhalation group; BL, baseline; PR, postresuscitation.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The BSR (a) and WPE (b) at baseline and during the first 4 h after resuscitation; n = 20 at each time point in two groups. BL, baseline; PR, postresuscitation; BSR, burst suppression ratio; WPE, weighted-permutation entropy. ∗ P < 0.05 and ∗∗P < 0.01 compared with the control group.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Receiver operating characteristic curves and area under the curves for the onset time of burst, time to normal trace, time-weighted average burst suppression ratio, and time-weighted average weighted-permutation entropy. OTOB, onset time of burst; TTNT, time to normal trace; BSR, burst suppression ratio; WPE, weighted-permutation entropy; TWA, time-weight average.
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