The Effect of Talker and Listener Depressive Symptoms on Speech Intelligibility

Abstract

Purpose This study examined the effect of depressive symptoms on production and perception of conversational and clear speech (CS) sentences. Method Five talkers each with high-depressive (HD) and low-depressive (LD) symptoms read sentences in conversational and clear speaking style. Acoustic measures of speaking rate, mean fundamental frequency (F0; Hz), F0 range (Hz), and energy in the 1-3 kHz range (dB) were obtained. Thirty-two young adult participants (15 HD, 16 LD) heard these conversational and clear sentences mixed with energetic masking (speech-shaped noise) at -5 dB SPL signal-to-noise ratio. Another group of 39 young adult participants (18 HD, 19 LD) heard the same sentences mixed with informational masking (one-talker competing speech) at -12 dB SPL signal-to-noise ratio. The key word correct score was obtained. Results CS was characterized by a decreased speaking rate, increased F0 mean and range, and increased energy in the 1-3 kHz range. Talkers with HD symptoms produced these modifications significantly less compared to talkers with LD symptoms. When listening to speech in energetic masking (speech-shaped noise), listeners with both HD and LD symptoms benefited less from the CS produced by HD talkers. Listeners with HD symptoms performed significantly worse than listeners with LD symptoms when listening to speech in informational masking (one-talker competing speech). Conclusions Results provide evidence that depressive symptoms impact intelligibility and have the potential to aid in clinical decision making for individuals with depression.

Figure 1.

Percentage of key words identified for listeners with low-depressive (LD) and high-depressive (HD) symptoms from conversational and clear sentences produced by talkers with LD and HD symptoms. The center line on each box plot indicates the median score, the edges of the box denote the 25th and 75th percentiles, and the whiskers extend to data points that lie within 1.5 times the interquartile range. Dots outside the range are outliers. SSN = speech-shaped noise.

Figure 2.

Percentage of key words identified for listeners with low-depressive (LD) and high-depressive (HD) symptoms from conversational and clear sentences produced by talkers with LD and HD symptoms. The center line on each box plot indicates the median score, the edges of the box denote the 25th and 75th percentiles, and the whiskers extend to data points that lie within 1.5 times the interquartile range. Dots outside the range are outliers.