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Review
. 2019 Nov 16;11(11):1802.
doi: 10.3390/cancers11111802.

Long Non-Coding RNA: Dual Effects on Breast Cancer Metastasis and Clinical Applications

Qi-Yuan Huang  1   2 , Guo-Feng Liu  3 , Xian-Ling Qian  1   3 , Li-Bo Tang  1   2 , Qing-Yun Huang  1 , Li-Xia Xiong  1   4
Affiliations
Review

Long Non-Coding RNA: Dual Effects on Breast Cancer Metastasis and Clinical Applications

Qi-Yuan Huang et al. Cancers (Basel). .

Abstract

As a highly heterogeneous malignancy, breast cancer (BC) has become the most significant threat to female health. Distant metastasis and therapy resistance of BC are responsible for most of the cases of mortality and recurrence. Distant metastasis relies on an array of processes, such as cell proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), and angiogenesis. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) refers to a class of non-coding RNA with a length of over 200 nucleotides. Currently, a rising number of studies have managed to investigate the association between BC and lncRNA. In this study, we summarized how lncRNA has dual effects in BC metastasis by regulating invasion, migration, and distant metastasis of BC cells. We also emphasize that lncRNA has crucial regulatory effects in the stemness and angiogenesis of BC. Clinically, some lncRNAs can regulate chemotherapy sensitivity in BC patients and may function as novel biomarkers to diagnose or predict prognosis for BC patients. The exact impact on clinical relevance deserves further study. This review can be an approach to understanding the dual effects of lncRNAs in BC, thereby linking lncRNAs to quasi-personalized treatment in the future.

Keywords: angiogenesis; breast cancer; cancer stem cell; chemotherapy resistance; lncRNA; metastasis; prognosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
LncRNAs and prognosis of BC patients. Here both up-regulated lncRNA in BC tissue (HOTAIR, TINCR, LIP1, MALAT1, and LINC000473) and circulating lncRNA in plasma (HOTAIR, H19, and GAS5) predict poor prognosis of BC patients. The red or white up arrows respectively refer to up-regulation of the relevant lncRNA in BC patients’ tissue or plasma.
Figure 2
Figure 2
LncRNAs as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of TNBC patients. Up-regulated expression of DANCR, NAMPT-AS, ATB, and HIF1A-AS2 predict poor prognosis of TNBC patients. Down-regulated expression of MIR503HG predicts poor prognosis of TNBC patients. Red up arrows refer to up-regulation of the relevant lncRNA. Blue down arrows refer to down-regulation of the relevant lncRNA.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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