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. 2019 Nov 16;12(22):3770.
doi: 10.3390/ma12223770.

In Vitro Effects of Cyclic Dislodgement on Retentive Properties of Various Titanium-Based Dental Implant Overdentures Attachment System

Tae-Yun Kang  1   2 , Jee-Hwan Kim  3 , Kwang-Mahn Kim  1   2 , Jae-Sung Kwon  1   2
Affiliations

In Vitro Effects of Cyclic Dislodgement on Retentive Properties of Various Titanium-Based Dental Implant Overdentures Attachment System

Tae-Yun Kang et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change in the retentive forces of four different titanium-based implant attachment systems during the simulation of insert-removal cycles in an artificial oral environment. Five types of titanium-based dental implant attachment systems (Locator, Kerator, O-ring, EZ-Lock, and Magnetic) were studied (n = 10). The specimens underwent insert-removal cycles in artificial saliva, and the retentive force was measured following 0, 750, 1500, and 2250 cycles. Significant retention loss was observed in all attachment systems, except the magnetic attachments, upon completion of 2250 insertion and removal cycles, compared to the initial retentive force (p < 0.05). A comparison of the initial retentive forces revealed the highest value for Locator, followed by the Kerator, O-ring, EZ-Lock, and Magnetic attachments. Furthermore, Kerator demonstrated the highest retentive loss, followed by Locator, O-ring, EZ-Lock, and Magnetic attachments after 2250 cycles (p < 0.05). In addition, the Locator and Kerator systems revealed significant decrease in retentive forces at all measurement points (p < 0.05). The retention force according to the insert-removal cycles were significantly different according to the types of dental implant attachment systems.

Keywords: dental implants; denture precision attachment; dentures; prosthesis retention; reference standard; titanium.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The five different implant attachment systems used in this study. Custom-made titanium-alloy jigs, attachment replacements, and implant fixture-tightened attachment abutments. From left to right: MAG, ORI, EZL, LOC, and KER.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic representation of the attachment systems.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Changes in retentive forces observed in the insertion–removal cyclic test. Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) Error bars represent ± standard deviation of the mean.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) of the surface morphology of the attachments upon completion of 2250 insertion–removal cyclic loading. (A) MAG keeper, (B) ORI, (C) EZL, (D) LOC, (E) KER abutment, (F) ORI, (G) EZL, (H) LOC, and (I) KER replacement. Arrows indicate wear and deformed sites. Scale bar represents 300 µm.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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