Malignant hyperthermia in plastic surgery

Abstract

Malignant hyperthermia is a seemingly rare genetic myopathy. Hypermetabolic crisis accompanied by a rise in body temperature to as high as 44 degrees C is its hallmark. Malignant hyperthermia is usually triggered by potent inhalated anesthetics and/or depolarizing muscle relaxants. Because of the extraordinary risk of death in patients who are at risk, plastic surgeons may be reluctant to operate on these patients. Five such patients were referred to the Plastic Surgery Service and the UCLA Malignant Hyperthermia Center for anesthetic and surgical management following plastic surgical procedures aborted for first episodes of malignant hyperthermia. They were anesthetized with nitrous oxide, barbiturates, opiates, tranquilizers, and nondepolarizing muscle relaxants. The patients were not treated prophylactically with dantrolene. Cardiac monitoring, end-tidal pCO2, and rectal temperatures were followed. After completion of their plastic surgical procedures, all five patients had a vastus lateralis muscle biopsy performed and subsequent caffeine/halothane contracture studies completed. The contracture study was positive in all patients studied. No anesthetic or surgical complications were encountered. This study demonstrates that patients at risk of developing malignant hyperthermia crisis can have plastic surgical procedures performed safely while undergoing appropriately selected general anesthesia.