Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Book

Graves Orbitopathy

Tamaryn J. Fox  1 , Catherine Anastasopoulou  2
In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan.
.
Affiliations
Free Books & Documents
Book

Graves Orbitopathy

Tamaryn J. Fox et al.
Free Books & Documents

Excerpt

Graves orbitopathy (Graves eye disease or Graves ophthalmopathy) is a constellation of signs and symptoms related to the orbit and surrounding tissues in patients with Graves disease. It can also sporadically occur in patients who are euthyroid or even hypothyroid as a result of chronic thyroiditis. It is an autoimmune process affecting retro-ocular tissues. In its severe form, it can be sight-threatening; thus, prompt evaluation and timely referral and management become of utmost importance.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure: Tamaryn Fox declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.

Disclosure: Catherine Anastasopoulou declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.

References

    1. Bahn RS. Graves' ophthalmopathy. N Engl J Med. 2010 Feb 25;362(8):726-38. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Eckstein AK, Plicht M, Lax H, Neuhäuser M, Mann K, Lederbogen S, Heckmann C, Esser J, Morgenthaler NG. Thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies are independent risk factors for Graves' ophthalmopathy and help to predict severity and outcome of the disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Sep;91(9):3464-70. - PubMed
    1. Şahlı E, Gündüz K. Thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy. Turk J Ophthalmol. 2017 Apr;47(2):94-105. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Valyasevi RW, Erickson DZ, Harteneck DA, Dutton CM, Heufelder AE, Jyonouchi SC, Bahn RS. Differentiation of human orbital preadipocyte fibroblasts induces expression of functional thyrotropin receptor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Jul;84(7):2557-62. - PubMed
    1. Barrio-Barrio J, Sabater AL, Bonet-Farriol E, Velázquez-Villoria Á, Galofré JC. Graves' Ophthalmopathy: VISA versus EUGOGO Classification, Assessment, and Management. J Ophthalmol. 2015;2015:249125. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources