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. 2019 Dec;15(12):1507-1515.
doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.08.202. Epub 2019 Nov 18.

Prevalence and correlates of mild cognitive impairment among diverse Hispanics/Latinos: Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging results

Hector M González  1 , Wassim Tarraf  2 , Neil Schneiderman  3 , Myriam Fornage  4 , Priscilla M Vásquez  5 , Donglin Zeng  6 , Marston Youngblood  6 , Linda C Gallo  7 , Martha L Daviglus  8 , Richard B Lipton  9 , Robert Kaplan  10 , Alberto R Ramos  11 , Melissa Lamar  12 , Sonia Thomas  13 , Albert Chai  5 , Charles DeCarli  14
Affiliations

Prevalence and correlates of mild cognitive impairment among diverse Hispanics/Latinos: Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging results

Hector M González et al. Alzheimers Dement. 2019 Dec.

Abstract

Introduction: We estimated the prevalence and correlates of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among middle-aged and older diverse Hispanics/Latinos.

Methods: Middle-aged and older diverse Hispanics/Latinos enrolled (n = 6377; 50-86 years) in this multisite prospective cohort study were evaluated for MCI using the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association diagnostic criteria.

Results: The overall MCI prevalence was 9.8%, which varied between Hispanic/Latino groups. Older age, high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, and elevated depressive symptoms were significant correlates of MCI prevalence. Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE) and APOE2 were not significantly associated with MCI.

Discussion: MCI prevalence varied among Hispanic/Latino backgrounds, but not as widely as reported in the previous studies. CVD risk and depressive symptoms were associated with increased MCI, whereas APOE4 was not, suggesting alternative etiologies for MCI among diverse Hispanics/Latinos. Our findings suggest that mitigating CVD risk factors may offer important pathways to understanding and reducing MCI and possibly dementia among diverse Hispanics/Latinos.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Cognitive decline; Cognitive function; Dementia; Epidemiology; Hispanics; Hispanics/Latinos; Latinos; Mild cognitive impairment; Neuroepidemiology; Neuropsychology; Population neuroscience.

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Conflict of interest statement

Financial Disclosures: The authors report no conflicts of interest that could inappropriately influence, or be perceived to influence, this work.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI; unadjusted) between backgrounds, demographic, cardiovascular, and behavioral factors, and APOE4 status in the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA). Abbreviations: CA, Central American; PR, Puerto Rican; SA, South American; SD, standard deviation; FCRS, Framingham cardiovascular risk score; CESD, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10); APOE4, apolipoprotein E4.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
Adjusted prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and odds ratios (ORs) between Hispanic/Latino backgrounds, demographic, Framingham cardiovascular risk score, depressive symptoms, and APOE4. Findings from the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA). Note 1: Estimates are based on multivariable models that include Latino background, age, education, sex, Framingham cardiovascular risk score, and CESD-10. Note 2: Odds ratios for the Framingham cardiovascular risk score are for a 10% increase in the score. Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; FCRS, Framingham cardiovascular risk score; CESD, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10); APOE4, apolipoprotein E4.
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