Adolescent tuberculosis

Affiliations

¹ Department of Paediatrics and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
² Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
³ Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK; Desmond Tutu Tuberculosis Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁴ Clinical Research Department, Medical Research Centre Unit, The Gambia; Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe.
⁵ Department of Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.
⁶ Desmond Tutu Tuberculosis Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁷ The Vaccine Centre, Medical Research Centre Unit, The Gambia; Vaccines & Immunity Research, Medical Research Centre Unit, The Gambia.
⁸ Department of Paediatrics and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France.
⁹ School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
¹⁰ Tuberculosis Modelling Group, Tuberculosis Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Infectious Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
¹¹ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity University of Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Tuberculosis Program, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
¹² Department of Paediatrics and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
¹³ Clinical Research Department, Medical Research Centre Unit, The Gambia; Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe. Electronic address: katharina.kranzer@lshtm.ac.uk.

PMID: 31753806
PMCID: PMC7291359
DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30337-2

Review

Adolescent tuberculosis

Kathryn J Snow et al. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020 Jan.

. 2020 Jan;4(1):68-79.

doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30337-2. Epub 2019 Nov 18.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Paediatrics and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
² Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
³ Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK; Desmond Tutu Tuberculosis Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁴ Clinical Research Department, Medical Research Centre Unit, The Gambia; Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe.
⁵ Department of Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.
⁶ Desmond Tutu Tuberculosis Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁷ The Vaccine Centre, Medical Research Centre Unit, The Gambia; Vaccines & Immunity Research, Medical Research Centre Unit, The Gambia.
⁸ Department of Paediatrics and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France.
⁹ School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
¹⁰ Tuberculosis Modelling Group, Tuberculosis Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Infectious Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
¹¹ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity University of Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Tuberculosis Program, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
¹² Department of Paediatrics and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
¹³ Clinical Research Department, Medical Research Centre Unit, The Gambia; Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe. Electronic address: katharina.kranzer@lshtm.ac.uk.

PMID: 31753806
PMCID: PMC7291359
DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30337-2

Erratum in

Correction to Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2020; 4: 68-79.
[No authors listed] [No authors listed] Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020 Jan;4(1):e4. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30392-X. Epub 2019 Nov 27. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020. PMID: 31786089 No abstract available.

Abstract

Adolescence is characterised by a substantial increase in the incidence of tuberculosis, a known fact since the early 20th century. Most of the world's adolescents live in low-income and middle-income countries where tuberculosis remains common, and where they comprise a quarter of the population. Despite this, adolescents have not yet been addressed as a distinct population in tuberculosis policy or within tuberculosis treatment services, and emerging evidence suggests that current models of care do not meet their needs. This Review discusses up-to-date information about tuberculosis in adolescence, with a focus on the management of infection and disease, including HIV co-infection and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. We outline the progress in vaccine development and highlight important directions for future research.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of interests

BK has a patent for diagnostic biosignature issued. The other authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1:**
Estimated numbers of people living with *M.tb* infection (panels A and B) and developing new or relapse tuberculosis disease (panels C and D).

**Figure 2:**
A suggested algorithm for the evaluation of adolescents who are referred for possible tuberculosis.

**Figure 3:**
Tuberculosis in the life course: general and adolescent-specific risk factors associated with *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* infection, progression to tuberculosis disease, and outcomes.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

1. Seddon JA, Chiang SS, Esmail H, Coussens AK. The Wonder Years: What Can Primary School Children Teach Us About Immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2946. - PMC - PubMed
1. Marais BJ, Gie RP, Schaaf HS, et al. The clinical epidemiology of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis: a critical review of literature from the pre-chemotherapy era [State of the Art]. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2004; 8(3): 278–85. - PubMed
1. Styblo K Surveillance of tuberculosis. Int J Epidemiol 1976; 5(1): 63–8. - PubMed
1. Dodd PJ, Looker C, Plumb ID, et al. Age-and sex-specific social contact patterns and incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Am J Epidemiol 2015; 183(2): 156–66. - PMC - PubMed
1. Snow KJ, Sismanidis C, Denholm J, Sawyer SM, Graham SM. The incidence of tuberculosis among adolescents and young adults: a global estimate. Eur Respir J 2018; 51(2).(pii). - PubMed

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Adolescent tuberculosis

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Adolescent tuberculosis

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