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. 2020 Jan 21;54(2):975-984.
doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04295. Epub 2019 Dec 18.

Associations between Source-Specific Particulate Matter and Respiratory Infections in New York State Adults

Daniel P Croft, Wangjian Zhang  1 , Shao Lin  1 , Sally W Thurston, Philip K Hopke  2 , Edwin van Wijngaarden, Stefania Squizzato, Mauro Masiol, Mark J Utell, David Q Rich
Affiliations

Associations between Source-Specific Particulate Matter and Respiratory Infections in New York State Adults

Daniel P Croft et al. Environ Sci Technol. .

Abstract

The response of respiratory infections to source-specific particulate matter (PM) is an area of active research. Using source-specific PM2.5 concentrations at six urban sites in New York State, a case-crossover design, and conditional logistic regression, we examined the association between source-specific PM and the rate of hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits for influenza or culture-negative pneumonia from 2005 to 2016. There were at most N = 14 764 influenza hospitalizations, N = 57 522 influenza ED visits, N = 274 226 culture-negative pneumonia hospitalizations, and N = 113 997 culture-negative pneumonia ED visits included in our analyses. We separately estimated the rate of respiratory infection associated with increased concentrations of source-specific PM2.5, including secondary sulfate (SS), secondary nitrate (SN), biomass burning (BB), pyrolyzed organic carbon (OP), road dust (RD), residual oil (RO), diesel (DIE), and spark ignition vehicle emissions (GAS). Increased rates of ED visits for influenza were associated with interquartile range increases in concentrations of GAS (excess rate [ER] = 9.2%; 95% CI: 4.3%, 14.3%) and DIE (ER = 3.9%; 95% CI: 1.1%, 6.8%) for lag days 0-3. There were similar associations between BB, SS, OP, and RO, and ED visits or hospitalizations for influenza, but not culture-negative pneumonia hospitalizations or ED visits. Short-term increases in PM2.5 from traffic and other combustion sources appear to be a potential risk factor for increased rates of influenza hospitalizations and ED visits.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Excess rate of influenza hospitalizations associated with each interquartile range increase in total PM2.5 and source-specific PM2.5 concentrations on lag day(s) 0, 0–3, and 0–6.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Excess rate of influenza ED visits associated with each interquartile range increase in total PM2.5 and source-specific PM2.5 concentrations on lag day(s) 0, 0–3, and 0–6.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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