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. 2019 Nov 13;11(11):604.
doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110604.

Design and Evaluation of pH-Dependent Nanosystems Based on Cellulose Acetate Phthalate, Nanoparticles Loaded with Chlorhexidine for Periodontal Treatment

Gustavo Vidal-Romero  1 , María L Zambrano-Zaragoza  2 , Lizbeth Martínez-Acevedo  1 , Gerardo Leyva-Gómez  3 , Susana E Mendoza-Elvira  4 , David Quintanar-Guerrero  1
Affiliations

Design and Evaluation of pH-Dependent Nanosystems Based on Cellulose Acetate Phthalate, Nanoparticles Loaded with Chlorhexidine for Periodontal Treatment

Gustavo Vidal-Romero et al. Pharmaceutics. .

Abstract

This work aimed to develop and evaluate pH-dependent systems based on nanospheres (NSphs) and nanocapsules (NCs) loaded with chlorhexidine (CHX) base as a novel formulation for the treatment of periodontal disease. Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) was employed as a pH-dependent polymeric material. The NSphs and NCs were prepared using the emulsion-diffusion technique and then characterized according to encapsulation efficiency (EE), size, zeta-potential, morphology, thermal properties, release profiles and a preliminary clinical panel test. The formulations showed 77% and 61% EE and 57% and 84% process efficiency (PE), respectively. Both systems were spherical with an average size of 250-300 nm. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies showed that the drug has the potential to be dispersed molecularly in the NSph matrix or dissolved in the oily center of the NCs. The CHX release test revealed that the release of NSphs-CHX follows Fickian diffusion involving diffusion-erosion processes. The NCs showed a slower release than the NSphs, following non-Fickian diffusion, which is indicative of anomalous transport. These nanosystems may, therefore, be employed as novel formulations for treating periodontal disease, due to (1) their coverage of a large surface area, (2) the controlled release of active substances at different pH, and (3) potential gingival tissue infiltration.

Keywords: buccal drug delivery; cellulose acetate phthalate; chlorhexidine base; eugenol; nanocapsules; nanospheres; pH-dependent polymeric; periodontitis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical structure of the chlorhexidine (CHX) base.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Micrographs of CHX-CAP-NCs; (b) CHX-CAP-NSphs; and (c) CHX-CAP-NCs adsorbed on the surface of dental floss, and (d) CHX-CAP-NSphs adsorbed on the dental floss surface.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Thermograms of individual excipients, the physical mixture, and CHX-CAP-NCs.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Release profile of CHX from NSphs.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Release profile of CHX from NCs.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Change in dentobacterial plaque of CHX CAP-NCs versus a commercial mouthwash.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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